Trial of a new pain assessment tool in patients with low education: the full cup test

Ergün, Ufuk; B, Say; Özer, Gökhan; Yıldırım, Özen; Kocatürk, Emek; Konar, D.; Kudiaki, Çiğdem; Inan, LE

doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01525.x

Cited by 12 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A simple tool that can be easily understandable by even persons with low education was therefore highly needed. The full cup test was found useful for assessing pain in patients with low education because it does not need any numerical or word skills, and is easy to understand and to complete [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The patients were asked to mark their pain degree on the line between ‘no pain’ and ‘the most severe pain’. The place of the mark was then measured in centimeters [ 26 ]. VAS score 0 cm was categorized as no pain, 1–3 cm mild pain, 4–6 cm moderate pain and 7–10 cm severe pain.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The patients were told ‘this cup is completely empty when there is no pain and completely full when your pain is the most severe. And now, how much of this cup is filled by your pain?’ The patients then drew a line on the cup to indicate the level of pain [ 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more recent pain assessment scale called “Full Cup Test” (FCT) has also been suggested for pain evaluation, especially in patients with low education i.e. patients with informal education or with primary level of education [ 25 , 26 ]. A Nigerian study reported correlation between VAS and FCT among dental patients undergoing tooth extraction [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of pain among a group of Nigerian dental patients

2015

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BackgroundPain is considered a key symptom associated with possible impairment of oral-health-related quality of life and its assessment is important for the planning and evaluation of preventive and treatment effort. The tools for assessing pain must therefore be valid and consistent. The objective of this study was to assess dental patients’ level of pain based on the clinical diagnosis of their dental condition and the correlation between two pain assessment scales, Visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Full Cup Test (FCT), for the assessment of pain among dental patients.MethodsA total of 185 patients presenting at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital dental outpatient clinics with various forms of orofacial pain were included in this study. The mean VAS scores and mean FCT scores for the different dental conditions were compared. Agreement between VAS and FCT was evaluated using the Intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients and Cronbach alpha coefficient was also calculated to assess consistency of the two pain scales.ResultsMajority i.e. 95.1, 96.2 and 100% who presented with acute pulpitis, acute apical periodontitis and pericoronitis respectively, presented with moderate to severe pain levels (p < 0.05). Only 25.9 and 4% who presented with chronic marginal gingivitis and chronic pulpitis respectively presented with no pain (p < 0.05). A large proportion (75%) of patients with no pain had single diagnosis while more than half (52.1%) of those who presented with severe pain had multiple diagnoses (p = 0.025). The mean VAS and FCT scores for acute pain were 6.1 ± 2.1 and 5.9 ± 2.4 respectively and for chronic pain 3.9 ± 2.7 and 3.7 ± 2.7 respectively (P = 0.001). The interclass correlation coefficient revealed that the mean VAS and FCT scores were statistically correlated and reliable with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.85.ConclusionIt can be concluded that patients who presented with either acute or chronic dental conditions may experience moderate to severe level of pain, with patients with multiple diagnoses experiencing more severe pain, and there is a correlation between the VAS and FCT for pain assessment among dental patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of pain among a group of Nigerian dental patients

2015

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“…Evaluation of pain intensity on the day of surgery (day 0) was difficult because of the influence of pre‐operative and intra‐operative sedatives (including analgesics) and the postoperative use of analgesics. Therefore, pain intensity on postoperative day 1 was considered the most useful clinical outcome and was measured using the full cup test (FCT 0–100) (Ergün et al , ), as illustrated in Figure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cohort study of pain symptoms and management following impacted mandibular third molar extraction

Achiwa

Hidemichi

Eri³

et al. 2016

Oral Diseases

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Evaluation of Psychometric and Linguistic Properties of the Italian Adolescent Pain Assessment Scales: A Systematic Review

et al. 2018

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IntroductionAdolescents’ pain experiences are complex and multidimensional, and evaluating pain only from a sensory and affective point of view may be in many instances limiting and inadequate; this is the reason why it is of paramount importance to identify the tools which can better assess the pain experienced by young patients. A person-oriented approach is highly encouraged, as it may better investigate the cognitive and behavioral development typical of this age group. The aim of this review paper is to describe the available tools which are able to adequately assess pain intensity in adolescents, in particular those validated in Italian.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review using four databases: CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed and Cochrane, and selected all the articles published between January 1970 and November 2017. We selected all the papers reporting the validation process of pain assessment tools specifically tailored for adolescent patients (age range 10–18 years) and based on psychometric and linguistic parameters, and focused especially on the tools available in Italian and able to measure acute and chronic pain.ResultsThe results of our investigation have revealed the existence of 40 eligible tools, 17 of which are monodimensional and the remaining 23 multidimensional, more specifically tailored to assess both acute and chronic pain. Some of the instruments (26) were self-reports while others were classified as behavioral (13) and/or mixed. Only one tool turned out to be suitable for fragile adolescents, while six adopted a person-oriented approach that better emphasized the cognitive and behavioral process typical of the adolescent population. None of them has ever been validated in Italian.ConclusionValid and reliable psychometric tools specifically organized to provide a cultural and linguistic evaluation of the patient are indeed the most recommended instruments to assess the intensity of the pain experienced by the patient, as they may provide useful information to implement a health policy aimed at identifying the best assistance programs.

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Trial of a new pain assessment tool in patients with low education: the full cup test

Abstract: We concluded that the FCT is useful for both assessing and differentiating changes in pain, and is suitable for assessing pain in patients with low education.

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of pain among a group of Nigerian dental patients

Assessment of pain among a group of Nigerian dental patients

Cohort study of pain symptoms and management following impacted mandibular third molar extraction

Evaluation of Psychometric and Linguistic Properties of the Italian Adolescent Pain Assessment Scales: A Systematic Review

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