Trial by trial: selecting first or second language phonology of a visually masked word

Timmer, Kalinka; Ganushchak, Lesya Y.; Mitlina, Yulia; Schiller, Niels O.

doi:10.1080/01690965.2013.824994

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Based on the prior research showing evidence for coactivation of phonology and orthography of two languages in various groups of bilinguals (Ando, Jared, Nakayama, & Hino, 2014;Dimitropoulou, Duñabeitia, & Carreiras, 2011;Haigh & Jared, 2007;Jared & Kroll, 2001;Nakayama, Sears, Hino, & Lupker, 2012;H. Zhou, Chen, Yang, & Dunlap, 2010) including Russian-English bilinguals Jouravlev, Lupker, & Jared, 2014;Marian & Spivey, 2003;Timmer, Ganushchak, Mitlina, & Schiller, 2014), we expected to observe crossscript orthographic and phonological preview benefits in our study. Alternatively, we considered the possibility that such a benefit would not be observed due to the fact that bilinguals might be not skilled enough in their non-native language (L2) to retrieve information coming from the parafovea.…”

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confidence: 93%

Cross-script orthographic and phonological preview benefits

Jouravlev

Jared

2018

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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The present experiment examined the use of parafoveally presented first-language (L1) orthographic and phonological codes during reading of second-language (L2) sentences in proficient Russian-English bilinguals. Participants read English sentences containing a Russian preview word that was replaced by the English target word when the participant's eyes crossed an invisible boundary located before the preview word. The use of English and Russian allowed us to manipulate orthographic and phonological preview effects independently of one another. The Russian preview words overlapped with English target words in (a) orthography (ВЕЛЮР [vʲɪ'lʲʉr]-BERRY), (b) phonology (БЛАНК [blank]-BLOOD), or (c) had no orthographic or phonological overlap (КАЛАЧ [kɐ'lat͡ɕ]-BERRY; ГЖЕЛЬ [ɡʐϵlʲ]-BLOOD). The results of this study showed a clear and strong benefit of the parafoveal preview of Russian words that shared either orthography or phonology with English target words. This study is the first demonstration of cross-script orthographic and phonological parafoveal preview benefit effects. Bilinguals integrate orthographic and phonological information across eye fixations in reading, even when this information comes from different languages.

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confidence: 93%

Cross-script orthographic and phonological preview benefits

Jouravlev

Jared

2018

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Evidence for phonemes as the primary units in spoken word production comes from various Indo-European languages, such as Dutch 8–11 , English 6,12–14 , Russian 15,16 , and Persian 17 , with different tasks including the implicit priming paradigm, masked priming paradigm, and phoneme repetition. For example, in a masked-form priming paradigm, Dutch participants named bisyllabic words which were preceded by visually masked primes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syllables are Retrieved before Segments in the Spoken Production of Mandarin Chinese: An ERP Study

Chen

Yuan

Zhang

2019

Sci Rep

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Languages may differ in terms of the functional units of word-form encoding used in spoken word production. It is widely accepted that segments are the primary units used in Indo-European languages. However, it is controversial what the functional units (syllables or segments) in Chinese spoken word production are. In the present study, Mandarin Chinese speakers named pictures while ignoring distractor words presented simultaneously, which shared atonal syllables, bodies or rhymes, or were unrelated with the name of the target pictures. Behavioral results showed that naming latencies in the 3 phonologically-related conditions were significantly shorter than those associated with the unrelated condition. EEG data indicated that the syllable-related condition modulated event-related potentials (ERPs) in a time window of 320–500 ms, the body-related condition modulated ERPs from 370–420 ms, while the rhyme-related condition modulated ERPs from 400–450 ms. The starting points for evident syllable, body, and rhyme priming effects were 322 ms, 368 ms, and 408 ms (by the Guthrie & Buchwald method) or 340 ms, 372 ms and 403 ms (by the jackknife procedure), respectively. Our findings provide a relative temporal course of syllable and segment encoding in Chinese spoken naming: Syllables are retrieved before segments, and constitute the primary processing units during the early stage of word-form encoding. Furthermore, segments and their order are retrieved incrementally from left to right when producing Chinese spoken words.

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“…Recent ERP studies have clearly shown GPC occurring approximately 150 ms after target presentation, providing neural evidence for an early locus (Timmer and Schiller, 2012; Timmer et al, 2012, 2014a,b; Jouravlev et al, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Above, we have interpreted the findings in light of L1 research. However, the phonological MOPE presents not only in one’s L1 but also in one’s L2 ( Timmer and Schiller, 2012 ), and even in cross-language contexts ( Jouravlev et al, 2014 ; Timmer et al, 2014a , b ). For example, an L2 (English) prime that was phonologically related to the onset of an L1 (Dutch) target (e.g., phone – FIETS ) revealed faster response latencies compared to an unrelated condition (e.g., pain – FIETS ).…”

Section: Behavioral Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates reveal sub-lexical orthography and phonology during reading aloud: a review

Timmer

Schiller

2014

Front. Psychol.

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The sub-lexical conversion of graphemes-to-phonemes (GPC) during reading has been investigated extensively with behavioral measures, as well as event-related potentials (ERPs). Most research utilizes silent reading (e.g., lexical decision task) for which phonological activation is not a necessity. However, recent research employed reading aloud to capture sub-lexical GPC. The masked priming paradigm avoids strategic processing and is therefore well suitable for capturing sub-lexical processing instead of lexical effects. By employing ERPs, the on-line time course of sub-lexical GPC can be observed before the overt response. ERPs have revealed that besides phonological activation, as revealed by behavioral studies, there is also early orthographic activation. This review describes studies in one’s native language, in one’s second language, and in a cross-language situation. We discuss the implications the ERP results have on different (computational) models. First, the ERP results show that computational models should assume an early locus of the GPC. Second, cross-language studies reveal that the phonological representations from both languages of a bilingual become activated automatically and the phonology belonging to the context is selected rapidly. Therefore, it is important to extend the scope of computational models of reading (aloud) to multiple lexicons.

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Trial by trial: selecting first or second language phonology of a visually masked word

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

Cross-script orthographic and phonological preview benefits

Cross-script orthographic and phonological preview benefits

Syllables are Retrieved before Segments in the Spoken Production of Mandarin Chinese: An ERP Study

Neural correlates reveal sub-lexical orthography and phonology during reading aloud: a review

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