Triacontanol: A New Naturally Occurring Plant Growth Regulator

Ries, S. K.; Wert, Violet; Sweeley, Charles C.; Leavitt, Richard A.

doi:10.1126/science.195.4284.1339

Cited by 192 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thereafter, at 10 Á5 M of TRIA, the tissue concentrations of these elements decreased. A positive effect of TRIA on total leaf-nitrogen content was earlier revealed by Knowles and Ries (1981) and Ries and Houtz (1983) in the case of rice and maize, respectively. Knowles and Ries (1981) clarified that enhancement in leafnutrients, particularly that in nitrogen, due to TRIA application could be attributed to the compositional or chemical change in plants leading to alterations in leaf-nitrogen concentration.…”

Section: Physiological and Biochemical Attributesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…TRIA also promoted growth of tobacco callus at concentrations as low as 0.01 mg per Petri dish when applied to either roots or shoots . As suggested by Jones et al (1979) and Ries and Houtz (1983), there are possibilities that impurities in TRIA might inhibit the physiological effect of TRIA at higher levels. Application of even pico mole quantities of (')-adenosine (a precursor in TRIA biosynthesis and a plant growth-promoting second messenger) to the foliage of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.…”

Section: Physiological Activity Of Tria At Low Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TRIA also increased the activity of the key respiratory enzyme malate dehydrogenase (Savithiry et al 1992). Ries and Houtz (1983) suggested that the hormonal effects of TRIA might be due to TRIA-induced alterations at the membrane level. TRIA-mediated activation of a number of membrane bound enzymes supports this assumption (Ries and Wert 1988;Ries 1991;Savithiry et al 1992).…”

Section: Physiological and Biochemical Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, they noted that treatments with octacosanol (OCTA) under the same experimental conditions and concentrations did not elicit any changes in photosynthesis over the same time range (30 and 60 min). Ries and Houtz (1983) suggested for the first time that the growth stimulating or hormonal effects of TRIA might be due to certain alterations at the cell membrane level. They demonstrated that net photosynthesis was stimulated to a greater extent in isolated protoplast preparations, supporting the suggestion that the putative initial site of TRIA action could be localized at the level of plasma membranes.…”

Section: Physiological and Biochemical Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Ries and Houtz (1983), the low concentrations of TRIA might be biologically active because of the sensitivity of the plants to its extremely low doses. The physiological activity of TRIA in maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings has been improved consistently by increasing the purity of TRIA to 99.7% (Ries and Wert 1982).…”

Section: Physiological Activity Of Tria At Low Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triacontanol: a potent plant growth regulator in agriculture

Naeem

Khan

Moinuddin

2012

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Triacontanol (TRIA) is a natural plant growth regulator found in epicuticular waxes. It is used to enhance the crop production in millions of hectares, particularly in Asia. Quite a number of researchers have reported the TRIA-mediated improvement in growth, yield, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, uptake of water and nutrients, nitrogen-fixation, enzymes activities and contents of free amino acids, reducing sugars, soluble protein, and active constituents of essential oil in various crops. Expectedly, TRIA enhances the physiological efficiency of the cells and, thus, exploits the genetic potential of plant to a large extent. In fact, TRIA increased free amino acids, reducing sugars, and soluble protein of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) within 5 min. TRIA elicited the appearance of L(')-adenosine within 1 min in the roots of plants, the shoots of which were sprayed with nanomolar concentrations of TRIA. TRIA and octacosanol (OCTA), the primary alcohols, are ubiquitous in the environment. OCTA was reported to inhibit the activity of TRIA in the seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at equimolar concentrations; and both TRIA and OCTA elicited a second messenger, known as OCTAM and triacontanol second messenger (TRIM), respectively. TRIA rapidly increases the ratio of L(')-to D(Á)-adenosine, probably at the tonoplast. However, it is to be resolved as to how TRIA elicits L(')-adenosine and what is the source of L(')-adenosine in plants. Based on known metabolic processes, de novo synthesis of L(')-adenosine is unlikely, because of the rapidity of the response. TRIA-mediated increase in dry matter production could influence the inter-relationship between primary and secondary metabolism, leading to increased biosynthesis of secondary products. Various studies present strong evidences that application of TRIA applied either to the root medium or to leaves enhanced the growth and yield of vegetables and other crops, including agronomic and horticultural crops as well as medicinal and aromatic crop plants under normal and adverse conditions. However, further investigations are required to elucidate the possible role of TRIA on plant growth regulation, physiological activities and secondary metabolite biosynthesis regarding medicinal and aromatic plants subjected to abiotic stress. The present review covers the pivotal role of TRIA in plant growth and development, its mode of action and its significance in improving the crop productivity and quality of agricultural crops.

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Section: Physiological and Biochemical Attributesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Physiological Activity Of Tria At Low Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological and Biochemical Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological and Biochemical Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Activity Of Tria At Low Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triacontanol: a potent plant growth regulator in agriculture

Naeem

Khan

Moinuddin

2012

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Chemical hormesis in cell growth: a molecular target at the cell surface

2000

J. Appl. Toxicol.

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A multifunctional ubiquinol (NADH) oxidase with protein disulfide-thiol interchange activity of the cell surface, abbreviated as NOX, is described as a molecular target for chemical hormesis of cell growth. The activity of the NOX correlates with rate of cell enlargement, which helps to determine how rapidly cells will divide. When NOX activity is inhibited, cells fail to enlarge following division and the result is a population of small cells unable to reach the minimum size required for them to divide again. In plants, cells fail to enlarge when NOX activity is inhibited. When NOX activity is stimulated or constitutively activated, as in cancer, cells enlarge more rapidly and the rate of cell division also is enhanced. Both cell growth and NOX activity are sometimes stimulated by low concentrations of normally inhibitory molecules. These properties define chemical hormesis, making the NOX molecule a molecular target to explain hormetic growth responses and to utilize hormetic principles to increase, for example, crop yields with plants. The NOX activity at the cell surface oscillates with a temperature-compensated 24-min ultradian (<24 h) periodicity. The indicated function of the NOX protein as a time-keeping mechanism adds to its potential importance as a molecular target for chemical hormesis.

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Growth Regulators, Plant

Cutler

2004

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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The arrival of new plant growth regulators on the market in the early 1990s, especially synthetic ones, is in a static state. Many growth regulators continue to be used experimentally, but the transition to approved usage is being delayed for several reasons. On the financial side, a number of mergers, buy‐outs, and other dispositions of chemical companies has led to a decrease in the number of commercial compounds available. Moreover, the cost of registration has prompted some producers to withdraw chemicals from the market. Some older plant growth regulators have undergone several trade name changes, adding confusion to the field. The ideal plant growth regulator should leave no harmful persistent residue in a finished product or crop and the paradigm compounds are ones that have high specific activity, are target specific, and are environmentally biodegradable. The most acceptable growth regulators appear to be those compounds that already occur in nature and elicit certain desirable responses in economic crops.

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Triacontanol: A New Naturally Occurring Plant Growth Regulator

Cited by 192 publications

References 7 publications

Triacontanol: a potent plant growth regulator in agriculture

Triacontanol: a potent plant growth regulator in agriculture

Chemical hormesis in cell growth: a molecular target at the cell surface

Growth Regulators, Plant

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