TRH‐like antidepressant peptide, pyroglutamyltyroslyprolineamide, occurs in rat brain

Pekary, A. Eugene; Faull, Kym F.; Paulson, Mark F.; Lloyd, Robert L.; Sattin, Albert

doi:10.1002/jms.904

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Nucleus accumbens (NA), amygdala (AY), frontal cortex (FCX), cerebellum (CBL), medulla oblongata (MED), anterior cingulate (ACNG), posterior cingulate (PCNG), striatum (STR), pyriform cortex (PYR), hippocampus (HC), entorhinal cortex (ENT), pancreas, prostate, epididymis, and testes were hand dissected, weighed rapidly, and then extracted as previously described [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…injection of 6.0 mg eCIT oxylate (48 ± 4 mg/kg BW)/ml sterile saline at 0 or 2 h (n = 4 for each time point) before decapitation. Epididymi were removed, the caput and cauda lobes were weighed, and extracted as previously described [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TRH-like peptides do not bind to TRH-R1 and TRH-R2 [26]. Nevertheless, they show neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, and antidepressant-like activities [26], in part, through their increasing the tissue level of TRH by competitive inhibition of the TRH-degrading enzyme, pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase II [35]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the first direct evidence that TRH and its receptor(s) may have essential roles in the regulation of anxiety and mood and the responses of these and other neuropsychiatric disorders to therapeutic treatments, including intrathecal injection of TRH [34]. TRH-like peptides do not bind to TRH-R1 and TRH-R2 [26]. Nevertheless, they show neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, and antidepressant-like activities [26], in part, through their increasing the tissue level of TRH by competitive inhibition of the TRH-degrading enzyme, pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase II [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously reported that thyroid hormones, and steroid hormones, such as testosterone and corticosterone, the psychostimulant cocaine, lithium and valproate used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) for depression, the photoperiod and cytokines have rapid effects on the content and release of TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH 2 ) and TRH-like (pGlu-X-Pro-NH 2 , where ‘X’ can be any amino acid residue) peptides in brain regions involved in mood regulation [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Escitalopram Regulates Expression of TRH and TRH-Like Peptides in Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues

2008

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Background: Escitalopram (eCIT) is a highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that can be an effective treatment for a number of neuropsychiatric disorders including major depression. We, and others, have previously reported that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-Pro-NH₂) and TRH-like peptides with the general structure pGlu-X-Pro-NH₂, where ‘X’ can be any amino acid residue, have neuroprotective, antidepressant, analeptic, arousal, and anti-epileptic effects that could mediate the neuropsychiatric and therapeutic effects of a variety of neurotropic agents. The present work explores the possible mediation of the therapeutic effects of eCIT by TRH and TRH-like peptides. Methods: In order to extend our understanding of the range of neurotransmitter systems that are modulated by and, in turn, influence the expression of TRH and TRH-like peptides, 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected i.p. with eCIT (24 mg/kg BW) and the brain levels of TRH and TRH-like peptides in various brain regions involved in mood regulation and peripheral tissues with serotonergic innervation were measured 0, 2, 4, and 6 h later by combined HPLC and RIA. Results and Conclusion: Remarkable 3- to 25-fold increases in TRH and TRH-like peptide levels were observed 2 h after i.p. eCIT in the epididymis. This reproductive tissue has the highest level of serotonin found in most mammals. The acute (2 h) effect of eCIT in brain regions involved in mood regulation, particularly the nucleus accumbens and medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and striatum was to increase the levels of TRH-like peptides, most consistently Phe-TRH. An important exception was a decrease in the level of TRH in the nucleus accumbens. These responses, in general, were the opposite of those we have previously observed after acute restraint stress in this same rat strain. We conclude that some of the therapeutic effects of inhibition of serotonin reuptake are mediated by altered release of TRH and TRH-like peptides.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Escitalopram Regulates Expression of TRH and TRH-Like Peptides in Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues

2008

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A resveratrol derivative modulates TRH and TRH‐like peptide expression throughout the brain and peripheral tissues of male rats

Pekary

Sattin

2022

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

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Introduction Resveratrol and related polyphenols have therapeutic effects ranging from treatment of depression, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, obesity, diabetes, neurodegeneration and ageing. TRH and TRH‐like peptides, with the structure pGlu‐X‐Pro‐NH2, where ‘X can be any amino acid reside, have reproductive, caloric‐restriction‐like, anti‐ageing, pancreatic‐β cell‐enhancing, cardiovascular and neuroprotective effects. We hypothesize that TRH and TRH‐like peptides are mediators of the therapeutic actions of the resveratrol derivative pterostilbene (PT). Methods Sixteen young adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Control group remained on ad libitum chow and water for 10 days. Acute group received ad libitum chow and water for 9 days and then 0.9 g PT/250 g rat chow for 24 h. Chronic animals received PT in chow for 10 days. Withdrawal rats received PT chow for 8 days and then normal chow for 2 days. TRH and TRH‐like peptide levels were measured in medulla oblongata (MED), frontal cortex (FCX), hypothalamus (HY), amygdala (AY), hippocampus (HC), piriform cortex (PIR), nucleus accumbens (NA), entorhinal cortex (ENT), striatum (STR), cerebellum (CBL), anterior cingulate (ACNG), posterior cingulate (PCNG), prostate (PR), liver (L), testis (T), heart (H), pancreas (PAN), adrenals (AD) and epididymis (EP). Results Significant changes in the levels of TRH and TRH‐like peptides occurred throughout the brain and peripheral tissues in response to PT treatment. Conclusion The high responsiveness of PIR, CBL, HY, STR, PCNG, MED, FCX, NA, ACNG and AY in brain and EP and PR is consistent with TRH and TRH‐like peptides participating in the therapeutic effects of PT.

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Current literature in mass spectrometry

2005

J. Mass Spectrom.

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In order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of mass spectrometry. Each bibliography is divided into 11 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 Instrumental Techniques & Methods; 3 Gas Phase Ion Chemistry; 4 Biology/Biochemistry: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Nucleic Acids; 5 Pharmacology/Toxicology; 6 Natural Products; 7 Analysis of Organic Compounds; 8 Analysis of Inorganics/Organometallics; 9 Surface Analysis; 10 Environmental Analysis; 11 Elemental Analysis. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author (4 Weeks journals ‐ Search completed at 7th. Sept. 2005)

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TRH‐like antidepressant peptide, pyroglutamyltyroslyprolineamide, occurs in rat brain

Cited by 24 publications

References 54 publications

Escitalopram Regulates Expression of TRH and TRH-Like Peptides in Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues

Escitalopram Regulates Expression of TRH and TRH-Like Peptides in Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues

A resveratrol derivative modulates TRH and TRH‐like peptide expression throughout the brain and peripheral tissues of male rats

Current literature in mass spectrometry

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