Trends of Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes at Mizan-Aman General Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: TB continues to be a major public health problem in Ethiopia, which ranks seventh by estimated number of cases among the 22 TB high-burden countries. TB Treatment will only be effective if the patient completes the regimen which includes a combination of drugs recommended by the physicians. Incomplete treatment may result in prolonged excretion of bacteria which may lead to increased morbidity and mortality and spread of the disease. Objectives: to assess the trends of tuberculosis treatment outcomes at Mizan Aman General Hospital, Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, from September 2010 to August 2013. Methods: A retrospective study design was conducted at the TB clinic of Mizan general Hospital by analyzing the data of registered tuberculosis patients. The original case records were carefully reviewed, analyzed and interpreted to determine descriptive statistic such as frequencies and proportion of variables. The results of the study were presented using tables and line diagram. The study was approved ethically by Jimma University, college of public health and medical science, department of Nursing. Result: about 2043 TB patient record was retrieved in this study period from 2010-2013. Of these, 1207 (58.00%) were males and 874 (42.00%) were females. The magnitude of TB case during the study period were smoothly declined in the first four consecutive six months 382, 312, 212 and 116, respectively, whereas in the fifth six month the TB case dramatically increased to 547 however in the last phase reduces to 472. During the study period 362 (17.72 %) completed the treatment, 79 (3.87 %) cured, 4 (0.20%) defaulted, 1575 (76.99%) transferred out to other health facility, 25 (1.22%) were died but no one could failed the treatment regimen. Conclusion: The trends of overall TB diagnosed cases were reduced in the first two years but it increases in the third year. The treatment outcomes; high in transfer out and low in cure rate was observed. Thus, Behavioral change communication education emphasized on early detection and treatment of TB cases is important strategies to reduce TB burden.

Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis in Selected Health Facilities of Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

“…This was consistent with the findings reported in Gambella and Miza-Aman hospital study (28.14% to 0.69%, 32.16% to 1.42%), respectively) [17,19]; that might be as the result of study area location that is a trade and coffee cultivation area, in which youths and early adult age people are prone to come for job causing high proportion of TB cases in these age groups. Majority of patient who were registered during the study period were SPPTB, 1705 (45.81%) but this finding was contrasted with Gambella and Mizan Aman hospital studies [17,19], this might be due to the improvement of AFB diagnosis mechanism. This study also found that the occurrence of PTB was high as compared to EPTB.…”

“…The high proportion of all forms of TB observed among males compared to females in this study was consistent with study conducted in Gambella regional, Harer Felege Hiwot referral hospital and at Mizan-Aman General Hospital which reported 54.5%, 58.46% and 57.22% male TB cases, respectively [17][18][19]. This might be attributed to either males are more likely to develop the disease or are more likely to utilize health service and diagnose their cases than females.…”

“…The default rate (5.29%) in the present study was lower than in other study conducted at Gondar University Teaching Hospital (36.4%) and Gambela regional hospital (22.9%) [17,22]. This lower defaulter rate might be due to proper supervision and health education in the study area but still needs more improvement because it reported more compared to the study reported at Miza-Aman general hospital [19].…”

“…The overall trend of TB in this study was gradually increasing with age until 24 and a little decrease with the age range of 25-34 which was inconsistence with Gambella and Mizan-Aman hospitals [17,19]. This might be due to Dilla university students who were treated in the hospital were in this age range of 15-24.…”

“…The overall proportion of death 4.33% in this study was consistence with death rate reported from Addis Ababa (4%) and Gambela regional hospital(3.6%) but higher than the study conducted at Mizan Aman (1.22%) general hospital [17,19,21]. This high report in this study might be due to high defaulter rates and/or lack of follow up in the area.…”