Trends of HIV Mortality between 2001 and 2018: An Observational Analysis

Jani, Chinmay; Patel, Kamlesh; Walker, Alexander M.; Singh, Harpreet; Omari, Omar Al; Crowley, Conor; Marshall, Dominic C; Goodall, Richard; Rupal, Arashdeep; Salciccioli, Justin D.; Shalhoub, Joseph

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed6040173

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(31 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In 2020, 680,000 HIV/AIDS-related deaths were reported worldwide [34]. One of the most fatal events is the death of patients with HIV, since the available treatment offers the same survival as patients without HIV infection, and there is a rising number of deaths in developing countries [35,36]. Our study found a low mortality rate with 6.8% (11 individuals) of military personnel dying from HIV-related infection and comorbidities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

HIV therapy adherence and outcomes in Peruvian military personnel over a 30-year period

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: We aimed to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of Peruvian military personnel diagnosed with HIV. Furthermore, we determined the frequency of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence, the complications and mortality. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with HIV, confirmed by Western blot at a single institution from 1989-2020. Descriptive analyses were performed for all the variables using mean and standard deviation (SD) in the case of quantitative variables, and frequency and percentage for qualitative variables. Results: Of the 161 patients included, 95.7% were males and the mean age was 39.59 years (SD= 16.45 years). Most had college or higher education (67.7%) and were on active duty at diagnosis (77%). 35.4% had AIDS at diagnosis; 28.6% opportunistic infections; and 8.1% tuberculosis. The median follow-up was five years. 94.4% of the patients received HAART as the principal treatment; of these, 88.8% was adherent to treatment, and death was reported in 6.8%. There were no factors associated with adherence. Conclusions: Although the sociodemographic characteristics of Peruvian military personnel are similar to those of other countries, our findings suggest that Peruvian military personnel present higher adherence to HAART compared to previous studies in other military populations from South American countries. Further studies are recommended to assess specific factors attributed to these successful outcomes in the military personnel that can be applied in other hospitals.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

HIV therapy adherence and outcomes in Peruvian military personnel over a 30-year period

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Third, TB mortality among HIV-positive persons is hard to measure, even when Vital registration (VR) systems are in place because deaths among HIV-positive persons are coded as HIV deaths, and contributory causes (e.g., TB) are often not reliably assessed or recorded. To achieve comparability over time, WHO has tried to standardize ICD-10 coding for HIV with detailed guidelines [ 35 ]. TB deaths among HIV-positive persons are estimated by WHO as either direct measurements from VR or indirect estimates from multiplying estimates of TB incidence by the estimates of the case fatality rate [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in pulmonary tuberculosis mortality between 1985 and 2018: an observational analysis

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a major source of global morbidity and mortality. Latent infection has enabled it to spread to a quarter of the world's population. The late 1980s and early 1990s saw an increase in the number of TB cases related to the HIV epidemic, and the spread of multidrug-resistant TB. Few studies have reported pulmonary TB mortality trends. Our study reports and compares trends in pulmonary TB mortality. Methods We utilized the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database from 1985 through 2018 to analyze TB mortality using the International Classification of Diseases-10 codes. Based on the availability and quality of data, we investigated 33 countries including two countries from the Americas; 28 countries from Europe; and 3 countries from the Western Pacific region. Mortality rates were dichotomized by sex. We computed age-standardized death rates per 100,000 population using the world standard population. Time trends were investigated using joinpoint regression analysis. Results We observed a uniform decrease in mortality in all countries across the study period except the Republic of Moldova, which showed an increase in female mortality (+ 0.12 per 100,000 population). Among all countries, Lithuania had the greatest reduction in male mortality (-12) between 1993–2018, and Hungary had the greatest reduction in female mortality (-1.57) between 1985–2017. For males, Slovenia had the most rapid recent declining trend with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of -47% (2003–2016), whereas Croatia showed the fastest increase (EAPC, + 25.0% [2015–2017]). For females, New Zealand had the most rapid declining trend (EAPC, -47.2% [1985–2015]), whereas Croatia showed a rapid increase (EAPC, + 24.9% [2014–2017]). Conclusions Pulmonary TB mortality is disproportionately higher among Central and Eastern European countries. This communicable disease cannot be eliminated from any one region without a global approach. Priority action areas include ensuring early diagnosis and successful treatment to the most vulnerable groups such as people of foreign origin from countries with a high burden of TB and incarcerated population. Incomplete reporting of TB-related epidemiological data to WHO excluded high-burden countries and limited our study to 33 countries only. Improvement in reporting is crucial to accurately identify changes in epidemiology, the effect of new treatments, and management approaches.

show abstract

“…Given the observational nature of this study, we do not attempt to attribute causality. As discussed in our previous study, issues exist regarding death certification for HIV [24,50]. However, the WHO has developed computerized coding of the verbal autopsy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We utilized the WHO Mortality Database for the member nations whose data was available. Our current study is based on our recent analysis of trends of HIV mortality [24]. The mortality data were extracted in October 2020 with available data from the WHO mortality database from 2001 and 2018 based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) version 10 coding system.…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We excluded the countries with missing data of more than three consecutive years. Relative percentage changes (PC) in ASDR were calculated over the observation as [(End ASDR-Start ASDR)/Start ASDR] * 100 for each gender and country as in our previous studies [24,28,29]. We calculated absolute changes (AC) in ASDR over the observation period as crude absolute differences between the first and last data points for the earliest and most recent years available.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Trends of HIV-Related Cancer Mortality between 2001 and 2018: An Observational Analysis

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The burden of AIDS-defining cancers has remained relatively steady for the past two decades, whilst the burden of non-AIDS-defining cancer has increased. Here, we conduct a study to describe mortality trends attributed to HIV-associated cancers in 31 countries. We extracted HIV-related cancer mortality data from 2001 to 2018 from the World Health Organization Mortality Database. We computed age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100,000 population using the World Standard Population. Data were visualized using Locally Weighted Scatterplot Smoothing (LOWESS). Data for females were available for 25 countries. Overall, there has been a decrease in mortality attributed to HIV-associated cancers among most of the countries. In total, 18 out of 31 countries (58.0%) and 14 out of 25 countries (56.0%) showed decreases in male and female mortality, respectively. An increasing mortality trend was observed in many developing countries, such as Malaysia and Thailand, and some developed countries, such as the United Kingdom. Malaysia had the greatest increase in male mortality (+495.0%), and Canada had the greatest decrease (−88.5%). Thailand had the greatest increase in female mortality (+540.0%), and Germany had the greatest decrease (−86.0%). At the endpoint year, South Africa had the highest ASDRs for both males (16.8/100,000) and females (19.2/100,000). The lowest was in Japan for males (0.07/100,000) and Egypt for females (0.028/100,000).

show abstract

Trends of HIV Mortality between 2001 and 2018: An Observational Analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

HIV therapy adherence and outcomes in Peruvian military personnel over a 30-year period

HIV therapy adherence and outcomes in Peruvian military personnel over a 30-year period

Trends in pulmonary tuberculosis mortality between 1985 and 2018: an observational analysis

Trends of HIV-Related Cancer Mortality between 2001 and 2018: An Observational Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About