Trends of HIV-Related Cancer Mortality between 2001 and 2018: An Observational Analysis

Abstract

The burden of AIDS-defining cancers has remained relatively steady for the past two decades, whilst the burden of non-AIDS-defining cancer has increased. Here, we conduct a study to describe mortality trends attributed to HIV-associated cancers in 31 countries. We extracted HIV-related cancer mortality data from 2001 to 2018 from the World Health Organization Mortality Database. We computed age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100,000 population using the World Standard Population. Data were visualized using Locally Weighted Scatterplot Smoothing (LOWESS). Data for females were available for 25 countries. Overall, there has been a decrease in mortality attributed to HIV-associated cancers among most of the countries. In total, 18 out of 31 countries (58.0%) and 14 out of 25 countries (56.0%) showed decreases in male and female mortality, respectively. An increasing mortality trend was observed in many developing countries, such as Malaysia and Thailand, and some developed countries, such as the United Kingdom. Malaysia had the greatest increase in male mortality (+495.0%), and Canada had the greatest decrease (−88.5%). Thailand had the greatest increase in female mortality (+540.0%), and Germany had the greatest decrease (−86.0%). At the endpoint year, South Africa had the highest ASDRs for both males (16.8/100,000) and females (19.2/100,000). The lowest was in Japan for males (0.07/100,000) and Egypt for females (0.028/100,000).

Serial Analysis of the T-Cell Receptor β-Chain Repertoire in People Living With HIV Reveals Incomplete Recovery After Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy

“…These advances are in large part attributable to the increase in CD4 + T-cell counts associated with effective suppression of HIV replication ( 37 ). However, PLHIV on long-term combination ART still experience significantly shorter life expectancy when compared to age-matched seronegative individuals ( 6 , 7 , 38 ). The reduced life expectancy of PLHIV despite highly active combination ART is multifactorial, but increased mortality due to cancer is in part responsible ( 38 – 41 ).…”

“…However, PLHIV on long-term combination ART still experience significantly shorter life expectancy when compared to age-matched seronegative individuals ( 6 , 7 , 38 ). The reduced life expectancy of PLHIV despite highly active combination ART is multifactorial, but increased mortality due to cancer is in part responsible ( 38 – 41 ). Identifying the factors that underlie this increased cancer mortality is a high priority.…”

Clinical Features, Phenotypic Markers and Outcomes of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma between HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Chinese Patients

“…More recent data from studies of HIV-infected people in the US, Europe and Australia indicated that non-AIDS-related cancers increased, reflecting increasing rates in the general population [ 26 , 27 ]. In developing countries, including China, there are a large proportion of newly-HIV infected people, AIDS-related cancers are the most common malignances [ 24 , 28 ].…”

Hybrid-Capture Target Enrichment in Human Pathogens: Identification, Evolution, Biosurveillance, and Genomic Epidemiology

“…The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects millions around the world; in 2019 alone, almost 700,000 fatalities were due to HIV-related illness [ 87 ]. Furthermore, HIV takes the pole position in terms of funding—from 2000 to 2017, about 40% (USD 42.1 billion) of funding for research into infectious diseases by G20 countries was allocated to HIV/AIDS alone [ 88 ].…”