Trends in violence in England and Wales 2010–2014

Sivarajasingam, Vaseekaran; Page, Nicholas; Wells, Jonathan C. K.; Morgan, Phillip L.; Matthews, Kent; Moore, Simon; Shepherd, Jonathan Paul

doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206598

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The relationship between violence and injury has been well documented in many countries [1,5,25,26,27,28]. Findings from these studies show that males and young adults were at the highest risk of violence-related injury, which is consistent with the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Unintentional Injuries and Violence among Adults in Northern Jordan: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study

Alzghoul

Shakhatreh

Al-Sheyab

2017

IJERPH

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Injuries (unintentional and intentional) are the main cause of death and disability worldwide, including Jordan. The main purpose of this hospital-based retrospective study was to identify characteristics, causes, and risk factors of unintentional injuries and violence among all adult patients who approached the Accidents and Emergency department because of injury in Northern Jordan. Data were collected retrospectively from four major hospitals from January 2008 to January 2013. A total of 2425 Jordanian individuals who accessed and were treated by the four hospitals were included in this study. The findings show that the majority of patients who approached the Accidents and Emergency departments in the four hospitals were males (n = 2044, 87.16%) versus females (n = 301, 12.8%). Violence was the most common reason of injury (70.66%), followed by road traffic crashes (23.21%). The most common anatomical locations of reported injuries were the head (38.74%), followed by abdomen/pelvis and lower back, among males and females (9.93%). Violence had a high significant effect on the site of injuries. Patients who had been injured to the head because of a stab wound or fighting were substantially over-involved in head injuries, with injury rates 3.88 and 7.51 times higher than those who had been injured to the head due to gunshot, respectively. Even patients who had been injured to the head because of assault show much higher involvement in injury risk than non-assault patients (Odds Ratio = 8.46). These findings highlight the need for a large national study to confirm the findings. It also draws attention to the importance of public awareness and to special injury prevention programs that not only focus on saving lives and lessening the number of injuries, illnesses, and fatalities, but also to limit the social and economic burden of injury among adults in Northern Jordan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Unintentional Injuries and Violence among Adults in Northern Jordan: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study

Alzghoul

Shakhatreh

Al-Sheyab

2017

IJERPH

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“…Evidence indicates that young males are at increased risk of physical assault than females (Bell, Qiao, Jenkins, Siedlecki, & Fecher, 2016;Monuteaux et al, 2012;Sivarajasingam et al, 2016;Steen & Hunskaar, 2004) which was consistent with the current findings that demonstrated when controlling for all other risk factors males remained at a higher risk than females. Notably, it was evident that males aged between 16 and 30 constituted over half of the current sample highlighting that this particular group may be over-represented in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The findings demonstrated that whilst there are multiple risk factors associated with violence-related injuries the strength of these risk estimates differ in magnitude with substance abuse and previous criminal convictions being the most dominant. Recent evidence suggests that rates of violencerelated injuries may be declining, however, there are still substantial figures of non-fatal assaults requiring treatment at emergency departments (Sivarajasingam et al, 2016;Summer et al 2015). Emergency departments, therefore, represent an important venue to target violence reduction interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for violence-related injuries in emergency departments: a Danish linkage study

Murphy

Kruse

Elklit

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Interpersonal violence is a pervasive global public health problem associated with myriad health, social and economic consequences. In recent years the rates of interpersonal violence have decreased, however, high numbers of individuals continue to present to emergency departments for non-fatal violence-related injuries. Objective: This study aimed to examine a range of risk factors associated with violencerelated injuries in an emergency department in Denmark. Method: A case-control study was conducted on a sample of 3,940 victims of violence collected by the Accident Analysis Center for Aarhus County Municipality. Using the Danish Civil Registry System, controls were matched 10:1 on age, gender and municipality. Risk factors were rendered from Danish health and social registers five years prior to the violent assault. These included marital status, educational qualification, employment status, national origin, involvement with child protective services (CPS), prior convictions, and a diagnosis of adjustment disorder and alcohol and/or substance use disorders. Results: Multivariate logistic regression identified that being male, divorced, unmarried, non-Danish origin, attending compulsory education, being outside the labour force, students, involvement with CPS, prior criminal conviction and a diagnosis of alcohol and/or substance use disorders were associated with an increased likelihood of being exposed to violence. The dominant risk factors were alcohol and/or substance use disorders (OR = 3.62) and prior criminal conviction (OR = 3.54). Attainment of tertiary education was associated with a reduced likelihood of being a victim of violence. Conclusion: These findings highlight that research into effective interventions offered in emergency departments may help the public health effort to reduce the health, social and economic burden of interpersonal violence.

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“…Many studies in the literature examining trends in violence use anonymised health data and/or crime statistics. 8 9 20 21 One previous UK-based study reported using violence-related injury patient data derived from EDs combined with police intelligence to generate areas of ‘violence hotspots’ to inform the deployment of targeted violence prevention resources. 21 However, as this current study demonstrates, the real picture of violence across communities is only revealed when including both PID from health services and police data to allow for cross-referencing to establish those individuals reporting serious assaults resulting in a violence-related injury to EDs not known/reported to police.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 11 12 Furthermore, better weather conditions (higher temperatures, low rainfall) provide greater criminal opportunity with potential victims and perpetrators likely to be interacting together for a prolonged period of time 13 ; it is therefore unsurprising that, in many countries, peak levels of violence are observed in the summer months. 8 13–15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A shared data approach more accurately represents the rates and patterns of violence with injury assaults

Gray

Barton²,

Davies³

et al. 2017

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundTo investigate whether sharing and linking routinely collected violence data across health and criminal justice systems can provide a more comprehensive understanding of violence, establish patterns of under-reporting and better inform the development, implementation and evaluation of violence prevention initiatives.MethodsPolice violence with injury (VWI) crimed data and emergency department (ED) assault attendee data for South Wales were collected between 1 April 2014 and 31 March 2016 to examine the rates and patterns of VWI. Person identifiable data (PID) were cross-referenced to establish if certain victims or events were less likely to be reported to criminal justice services.ResultsA total of 18 316 police crimed VWI victims and 10 260 individual ED attendances with an assault-related injury were considered. The majority of ED assault attendances (59.0%) were unknown to police. The key demographic identified as under-reporting to police were young males aged 18–34 years, while a significant amount of non-reported assaults involved a stranger. The combined monthly age-standardised rates were recalculated and on average were 74.7 (95% CI 72.1 to 77.2) and 66.1 (95% CI 64.0 to 68.2) per 100 000 population for males and females, respectively. Consideration of the additional ED cases resulted in a 35.3% and 18.1% increase on the original police totals for male and female VWI victims.ConclusionsThis study identified that violence is currently undermeasured, demonstrated the importance of continued sharing of routinely collected ED data and highlighted the benefits of using PID from a number of services in a linked way to provide a more comprehensive picture of violence.

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Trends in violence in England and Wales 2010–2014

Abstract: From an ED perspective, violence in England and Wales decreased substantially between 2010 and 2014, especially among children and adolescents. Violence prevention efforts should focus on regions with the highest injury rates and during the period May-July.

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Unintentional Injuries and Violence among Adults in Northern Jordan: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study

Unintentional Injuries and Violence among Adults in Northern Jordan: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study

Risk factors for violence-related injuries in emergency departments: a Danish linkage study

A shared data approach more accurately represents the rates and patterns of violence with injury assaults

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