Trends in trabecular architecture and bone mineral density distribution in 152 individuals aged 30–90years

Koehne, Till; Vettorazzi, Eik; Küsters, Natalie; Lüneburg, Rike; Kahl‐Nieke, Bärbel; Püschel, Klaus; Amling, Michael; Busse, Björn

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2014.05.010

Cited by 60 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Compared with healthy bone, osteoporotic bone has been suggested to have lower mineral content [29,30] with a few reported exceptions using non-spectroscopic methods [31][32][33], unchanged acid phosphate content [34] and augmented mineral crystallinity [30,35], carbonate content [30,34] and collagen maturity [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising Bone Material Composition and Structure in the Ovariectomized (OVX) Rat Model of Osteoporosis

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising Bone Material Composition and Structure in the Ovariectomized (OVX) Rat Model of Osteoporosis

et al. 2015

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“…Quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) was performed to assess the bone mineral density distribution (BMDD) as previously described 42–44 . Embedded specimens were polished and carbon coated for qBEI analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebral bone microarchitecture and osteocyte characteristics of three toothed whale species with varying diving behaviour

Rolvien

Hahn

Siebert

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Although vertebral bone microarchitecture has been studied in various tetrapods, limited quantitative data are available on the structural and compositional changes of vertebrae in marine mammals. Whales exhibit exceptional swimming and diving behaviour, and they may not be immune to diving-associated bone pathologies. Lumbar vertebral bodies were analysed in three toothed whale species: the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), orca (Orcinus orca) and harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). The bone volume fraction (BV/TV) did not scale with body size, although the trabeculae were thicker, fewer in number and further apart in larger whale species than in the other two species. These parameters had a negative allometric scaling relationship with body length. In sperm whales and orcas, the analyses revealed a central ossification zone (“bone-within-bone”) with an increased BV/TV and trabecular thickness. Furthermore, a large number of empty osteocyte lacunae was observed in the sperm whales. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging showed that the lacunae were significantly smaller and less densely packed. Our results indicate that whales have a unique vertebral bone morphology with an inside-out appearance and that deep diving may result in a small number of viable osteocytes because of diving depth-related osteocyte death.

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“…Currently, fracture risk is mainly measured through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), where the degree of X-rays absorbed by the bone mineral provides a prediction of fracture risk. As the degree of bone mineralization shows a rather narrow range in health and disease, 37,41 standard DXA diagnostics provide a helpful measure of areal bone mineral density, which is based on the present porosity and volume fraction of the bone (that is, bone quantity). In addition, DXA provides valuable information due to its widespread global availability and the existence of large reference populations; however, it is not necessarily an optimal indicator for predicting fracture risk.…”

Section: Aging and Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The fracture mechanics of human bone: influence of disease and treatment

2015

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Aging and bone diseases are associated with increased fracture risk. It is therefore pertinent to seek an understanding of the origins of such disease-related deterioration in bone's mechanical properties. The mechanical integrity of bone derives from its hierarchical structure, which in healthy tissue is able to resist complex physiological loading patterns and tolerate damage. Indeed, the mechanisms through which bone derives its mechanical properties make fracture mechanics an ideal framework to study bone's mechanical resistance, where crack-growth resistance curves give a measure of the intrinsic resistance to the initiation of cracks and the extrinsic resistance to the growth of cracks. Recent research on healthy cortical bone has demonstrated how this hierarchical structure can develop intrinsic toughness at the collagen fibril scale mainly through sliding and sacrificial bonding mechanisms that promote plasticity. Furthermore, the bone-matrix structure develops extrinsic toughness at much larger micrometer length-scales, where the structural features are large enough to resist crack growth through crack-tip shielding mechanisms. Although healthy bone tissue can generally resist physiological loading environments, certain conditions such as aging and disease can significantly increase fracture risk. In simple terms, the reduced mechanical integrity originates from alterations to the hierarchical structure. Here, we review how human cortical bone resists fracture in healthy bone and how changes to the bone structure due to aging, osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency and Paget's disease can affect the mechanical integrity of bone tissue.

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Trends in trabecular architecture and bone mineral density distribution in 152 individuals aged 30–90years

Cited by 60 publications

References 54 publications

Characterising Bone Material Composition and Structure in the Ovariectomized (OVX) Rat Model of Osteoporosis

Characterising Bone Material Composition and Structure in the Ovariectomized (OVX) Rat Model of Osteoporosis

Vertebral bone microarchitecture and osteocyte characteristics of three toothed whale species with varying diving behaviour

The fracture mechanics of human bone: influence of disease and treatment

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