Trends in the use of psychoactive substances by truck drivers in São Paulo State, Brazil: A time-series cross sectional roadside survey (2009–2016)

Leyton, Vilma; Bombana, Henrique Silva; Magalhães, Juliana Gallottini de; Panizza, Helena Nascimento; Sinagawa, Daniele Mayumi; Takitane, Juliana; Carvalho, Heráclito Barbosa; Andreuccetti, Gabriel; Yonamine, Maurı́cio; Gjerde, Hallvard; Muñoz, Daniel Romero

doi:10.1080/15389588.2018.1552786

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“… 72 7.8% of a sample of Brazilian truck drivers tested positive for psychoactive substances. 92 Shattell et al interviewed 60 specially selected long haul truck drivers based on their involvement in illegal/illicit behaviours, they found 88.1% admitted to drug use, and of those, 81.6% used crack cocaine. 33 Self-reported stimulant use was high in several studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiometabolic risk factors and mental health status among truck drivers: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically review and summarise the literature on cardiometabolic risk factors, lifestyle health behaviours and mental health status of truck drivers globally to ascertain the scale of these health concerns.DesignSystematic review reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Data sourcesPubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched in January 2019 and updated in January 2020, from the date of inception to 16 January 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesPapers were included if they (1) reported independent data on truck drivers, (2) included quantitative data on outcomes related to cardiometabolic markers of health, mental health and/or health behaviours, (3) were written in English and (4) were published in a peer-reviewed journal. Grey literature was ineligible for this review.Data extraction and synthesisOne reviewer independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality using a checklist based on the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Quality Assessment tool. 20% were independently assessed for eligibility and quality by a second reviewer. Due to heterogeneity of the outcomes, results were narratively presented.Results3601 titles and abstracts were screened. Seventy-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Truck driving is associated with enforced sedentarism, long and irregular working hours, lack of healthy foods, social isolation and chronic time pressures. Strong evidence was observed for truck drivers to generally exhibit poor cardiometabolic risk profiles including overweight and obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, high blood glucose, poor mental health and cigarette smoking.ConclusionsImproving truck driver health is vital for the longevity of the trucking industry, and for the safety of all road users. The workplace plays a vital role in truck driver health; policies, regulations and procedures are required to address this health crisis.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019124499.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiometabolic risk factors and mental health status among truck drivers: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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“…Amphetamine use changed over the years, with high consumption in 2010 (8.9%) but a decline in 2011 and 2012 (1.7% to 2.0%), followed by a stable period from 2013 to 2015 (ranging from 2.9% to 4.1%). In this research, it was found that such drugs were mainly used to combat fatigue in long-distance drivers, but the possibility of recreational use in drivers working shorter hours is not ruled out 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Demographic and cardiovascular risk factors associated with drug use in truck drivers

Pereira¹,

Mansur²,

Takada³

et al. 2020

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Background: The irregular routine of truck drivers favors the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which can be exacerbated by the use of illicit drugs.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from 2,071 truck drivers who traveled through the state of São Paulo between 2010 and 2016. Socioeconomic and occupational variables and risk factors for CVD were associated with drug use. Clinical and toxicological tests were also carried out.Results: The average age of the truck drivers was 42.27 ± 11.07 years, and the use of illicit drugs, at least once while working, was reported or detected in 388 (18.7%) drivers. Compared to non-users, drug users were younger (37.25 ± 9.45 vs. 43.43 ± 11.1 years; p <0.001) and single (43.3% vs. 28.4%; p <0.001). The independent variables age [OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91 - 0.95; p<0.001)], smoking [OR = 2.18 (95% CI: 1.39 - 3.44; p = 0.001)], alcohol consumption [OR = 1.626 (95% CI: 1.06 - 2.49; p = 0.026)] and hours of driving per day [OR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01 - 1.15; p = 0.012)] were also associated with the use of illicit drugs.Conclusion: The use of illicit drugs was higher in young and single drivers and was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption and more driving hours, which are risk factors for NCDs, CVD and traffic accidents.

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“…Leyton and colleagues point out that the legislation may have caused a change in consumption patterns of amphetamine stimulants during the years in which it was in effect. 33 Between 2009 and 2016, the analysis of 4,110 biological samples from drivers also showed an increase, although not statistically signi cant, in cocaine consumption. Amphetamine use changed over the years, with high consumption in 2010 (8.9%) but a decline in 2011 and 2012 (1.7% to 2.0%), followed by a stable period from 2013 to 2015 (ranging from 2.9% to 4.1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Demographic and cardiovascular risk factors associated with drug use in truck drivers in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil: A cross-sectional study.

Pereira

Mansur

Takada

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The irregular routine of truck drivers favors the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which can be exacerbated by the use of illicit drugs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from 2,071 truck drivers who traveled through the state of São Paulo between 2010 and 2016. Socioeconomic and occupational variables, risk factors for CVD, use of illicit drugs were analyzed. Clinical and toxicological tests were also carried out. Results: The average age of the truck drivers was 42.27 ± 11.07 years, and the use of illicit drugs, at least once while working, was reported or detected in 388 (18.7%) drivers. Compared to non-users, drug users were younger (37.25 ± 9.45 vs. 43.43 ± 11.1 years; p <0.001) and single (43.3% vs. 28.4%; p <0.001). The independent variables age [OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91 - 0.95; p<0.001)], smoking [OR = 2.18 (95% CI: 1.39 - 3.44; p = 0.001)], alcohol consumption [OR = 1.626 (95% CI: 1.06 - 2.49; p = 0.026)] and hours of driving per day [OR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01 - 1.15; p = 0.012)] were also associated with the use of illicit drugs. Conclusion: The use of illicit drugs was higher in young and single drivers and was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption and more driving hours, which are risk factors for NCDs, CVD and traffic accidents.

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Trends in the use of psychoactive substances by truck drivers in São Paulo State, Brazil: A time-series cross sectional roadside survey (2009–2016)

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Cardiometabolic risk factors and mental health status among truck drivers: a systematic review

Cardiometabolic risk factors and mental health status among truck drivers: a systematic review

Demographic and cardiovascular risk factors associated with drug use in truck drivers

Demographic and cardiovascular risk factors associated with drug use in truck drivers in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil: A cross-sectional study.

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