Trends in the use of preconditioning to hypoxia for early prevention of future life diseases

Basovich, Simon N.

doi:10.5582/bst.2013.v7.1.23

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Other observations and explanations on health effects at higher altitudes include: a) protective effect against certain causes of death due to adaptation to decreased oxygen pressure [3]; b) protective effect against a number of disorders, including psychiatric disorders because of altitude hypoxia [15], which may be more effective if applied intermittently [16]; and c) risk factor for some conditions, as noted above [4][5]. Thus, effects of living at higher altitudes appear to: a) be a mixture of benefits and risks, and b) have different possible explanations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, in the low level radiation range, cancer rates may actually decrease with increasing amounts of low level radiation, but obviously only to a point, where the radiation becomes high level, and, as previously noted, the cancer rates would be expected to increase with increasing high levels of radiation in a linear fashion. Others contend that radiation risks are linear, and that there is no threshold in the low level radiation range for which ionizing radiation can be considered safe (referred to as the linear non-threshold model) [14].Other observations and explanations on health effects at higher altitudes include: a) protective effect against certain causes of death due to adaptation to decreased oxygen pressure [3]; b) protective effect against a number of disorders, including psychiatric disorders because of altitude hypoxia [15], which may be more effective if applied intermittently [16]; and c) risk factor for some conditions, as noted above [4][5]. Thus, effects of living at higher altitudes appear to: a) be a mixture of benefits and risks, and b) have different possible explanations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A method to study the possible effect of land elevation on cancer death rates in the U.S.

Hart¹

2014

Epidemiol Rep

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Background: Previous research revealed that cancer death rates tend to be lower in higher land elevation areas compared to lower land elevation areas. To further investigate this relationship, a novel method is used in the present study to identify low versus high elevation areas, with an accounting of air temperatures and smoking rates as other possible determinants of cancer. Methods: Counties in the United States that did not have overlapping land elevations (in feet above sea level, determined at the state level) were identified and categorized as having either a "low" or "high" elevation. States that were outliers for temperature and smoking rates were omitted. Using an ecological design, county cancer age-adjusted death rates (per 100,000 persons) for white persons during 2006-2010 were compared in low versus high land elevation counties in states having similar smoking rates and air temperature. Results: Cancer death rate for low land elevation counties (n=584 counties) was 189.6 (standard deviation [SD] 23.9) compared to the cancer death rate of 161.4 (SD 28.9) in high land elevation counties (n=162 counties), a difference that was statistically significant (p<0.0001) with a large effect size (of 1.12). Discussion: Limitations to the study include: a) its (ecological) design, where populations, rather than known individuals are studied; b) the assumption that land elevations remain essentially unchanged over time; c) the assumption that the selected states had sufficiently similar temperatures and smoking rates; d) only one race (whites) was studied for the cancer death rates; and e) only one outcome (cancer death rates) was studied. Conclusions: This study found lower cancer death rates in higher land elevation counties compared to lower land elevation counties, thus adding to the body of evidence on this topic. Ongoing research is indicated on the topic of land elevation-related health effects.Keywords: Altitude, environmental factors, cancer epidemiology, physiological adaptation, methodological study © 2014 John F. Hart; licensee Herbert Publications Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). This permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. IntroductionPrevious research has shown that cancer death rates tend to be lower in the U.S. for people living in higher land elevations [1]. This may be due to successful adaptation to stressors that accompany higher altitudes. These stressors include: a) low level (natural background) radiation, and b) decreased oxygen concentration.Natural background radiation (NBR) consists of terrestrial and cosmic sources. The variable of altitude pertains to the cosmic source of NBR. At higher altitudes (higher land elevations), there is less atmospheric filter, thus increasing the amount of the cosmic source of NBR. The successful adaptation to low level radiation has been termed radiat...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A method to study the possible effect of land elevation on cancer death rates in the U.S.

Hart¹

2014

Epidemiol Rep

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“…This drug-free method, which is almost without contraindications, has been routinely used by about 2 million patients in the last 30 years and revealed good and satisfactory results in 75 -95% of cases [79,80]. The number of publications indexed in PUBMED under the key-word "Intermittent Hypoxia" increased from 15 in 1983 to 335 in 2014 of total 2900.…”

Section: Iy Intermittent Hypoxia Treatment In Cardiologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Remote ischemic preconditioning versus intermittent hypoxia training: a comparative analysis for cardioprotection

Serebrovska¹,

Shatilo²

2015

Fiziol Zh

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“…Given that the progressive RGC injury occurring in glaucoma is characterized by a multifactorial pathology putatively involving a host of excitotoxic, inflammatory, immune, vascular, biomechanical, and other factors [58][59][60], and that the mechanisms dictating RGC soma and RGC axon loss may be quite distinct [61][62][63], the epigenetic changes induced by RH-Post will likely be extensive in order to account for the magnitude of the protection achieved. It is also worth noting that, although exposures to intermittent systemic hypoxia may not ultimately be adopted as a clinical treatment for glaucoma patients, this very stimulus has established a strong record for protection against a variety of acute and chronic diseases in the CNS [27][28][29][30][64][65][66][67], and other tissues [68][69][70], and may not be easily mimicked by a pharmacologic, monotherapy approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in Glaucoma by Hypoxic Postconditioning After Disease Onset

et al. 2015

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The neuroprotective efficacy of adaptive epigenetics, wherein beneficial gene expression changes are induced by nonharmful "conditioning" stimuli, is now well established in several acute, preclinical central nervous system injury models. Recently, in a mouse model of glaucoma, we demonstrated retinal ganglion cell (RGC) protection by repetitively "preconditioning" with hypoxia prior to disease onset, indicating an epigenetic approach may also yield benefits in chronic neurodegenerative disease. Herein, we determined whether presenting the repetitive hypoxic stimulus after disease initiation [repetitive hypoxic "postconditioning" (RHPost)] could afford similar functional and morphologic protection against glaucomatous RGC injury. Chronic elevations in intraocular pressure (IOP) were induced unilaterally in adult male C57BL/6 mice by episcleral vein ligation. Mice were randomized to an RH-Post [1 h of systemic hypoxia (11 % oxygen) every other day, starting 4 days after IOP elevation] or an untreated control group. After 3 weeks of experimental glaucoma, the 21-27 % reduction and 5-25 % prolongation in flash visual-evoked potential amplitudes and latencies, respectively, and the 30 % impairment in visual acuity were robustly improved in RH-Post-treated mice, as was the 17 % loss in RGC soma number and 20 % reduction in axon integrity. These protective effects were observed without RH-Post affecting IOP. The present findings demonstrate that functional and morphologic protection of RGCs can be realized by stimulating epigenetic responses during the early stages of disease, and thus constitute a new conceptual approach to glaucoma therapeutics.

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Trends in the use of preconditioning to hypoxia for early prevention of future life diseases

Cited by 14 publications

References 75 publications

A method to study the possible effect of land elevation on cancer death rates in the U.S.

A method to study the possible effect of land elevation on cancer death rates in the U.S.

Remote ischemic preconditioning versus intermittent hypoxia training: a comparative analysis for cardioprotection

Enhanced Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in Glaucoma by Hypoxic Postconditioning After Disease Onset

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