“…Prior research suggests that among individuals with severe substance use disorders (i.e., addicts), a great deal of crime is fundamentally driven by substance dependence/addiction – the physical and psychological need for the illicit substance in question (Goldstein, 1985; Nurco, Shaffer, Ball, & Kinlock, 2984; Nurco, Hanlon, Kinlock, & Duszynski, 1988; Vaughn, 2011; White & Gorman, 2000). Dependence-driven crime can include the possession of illegal substances, as well as any crime committed to obtain resources necessary to obtain drugs.…”