Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in underweight and obesity in 5-year-old children, 2011–2018: a population-based, repeated cross-sectional study

Stewart, Ryan; Reilly, John J.; Hughes, Adrienne; Kelly, L.; Conway, David I.; Young, David; Sherriff, Andrea

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042023

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We observed no consistent trends in the prevalence of children with low BMI values (≤2nd percentile), supporting earlier work in several countries [ 37 , 45 ]. An exception to this evidence is a recent study by Zeglen et al [ 33 ] that reported an overall decrease in the prevalence of underweight in Polish children (3–7 years).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Further reductions in the prevalence of obesity in 4-year-old New Zealand children from 2017 to 2019

Daniels

Taylor

et al. 2022

Int J Obes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To examine whether the prevalence of age- and sex-adjusted BMI at, or above, the 85th, 95th and 99.7th percentiles continues to decline in New Zealand preschool children, over time. Methods As part of a national screening programme, 438,972 New Zealand 4-year-old children had their height and weight measured between 2011 and 2019. Age- and sex-adjusted BMI was calculated using WHO Growth Standards and the prevalence of children at, or above, the 85th, 95th, and 99.7th percentiles and at, or below, the 2nd percentile were determined. Log-binomial models were used to estimate linear time trends of ≥85th, ≥95th and ≥99.7th percentiles for the overall sample and separately by sex, deprivation, ethnicity and urban-rural classification. Results The percentage of children at, or above, the 85th, 95th and 99.7th percentile reduced by 4.9% [95% CI: 4.1%, 5.7%], 3.5% [95% CI: 2.9%, 4.1%], and 0.9% [95% CI: 0.7%, 1.2%], respectively, between ‘2011/12’ and ‘2018/19’. There was evidence of a decreasing linear trend (risk reduction, per year) for the percentage of children ≥85th (risk ratio (RR): 0.980 [95% CI: 0.978, 0.982]), ≥95th (RR: 0.966 [95% CI: 0.962, 0.969]) and ≥99.7th (RR: 0.957 [95% CI: 0.950, 0.964]) percentiles. Downward trends were also evident across all socioeconomic indicators (sex, ethnicity, deprivation, and urban-rural classification), for each of the BMI thresholds. Larger absolute decreases were evident for children residing in the most deprived compared with the least deprived areas, at each BMI threshold. There appeared to be no consistent trend for the percentage of children ≤2nd percentile. Conclusions Reassuringly, continued declines of children with age- and sex-adjusted BMI at, or above, the 85th, 95th and 99.7th percentiles are occurring over time, overall and across all sociodemographic indicators, with little evidence for consistent trends in the prevalence of children at, or below, the 2nd percentile.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Further reductions in the prevalence of obesity in 4-year-old New Zealand children from 2017 to 2019

Daniels

Taylor

et al. 2022

Int J Obes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some subgroups within populations might have experienced more marked secular changes than others in the past decade or so. In Scotland, for example, childhood obesity prevalence increased dramatically in families with low socioeconomic status but was stable among those with high socioeconomic status 31 and for most report card indicators socioeconomic inequalities increased substantially in the decade prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. 32 Further analysis will also be required to examine the causes of secular changes (or lack of secular changes), but the present study can help generate hypotheses about mechanisms, and stimulate further research (eg, on the influence of gender inequality on trends in many of the report card indicators).…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Secular Trends in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Internationally: Analyses of Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 to 4.0

Reilly

Barnes

González

et al. 2022

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: We examined recent global secular trends in 5 indicators of child and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behavior (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Active Transportation, and Sedentary Behavior) and 4 influences on these (Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, and Government). Methods: Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance letter grades (A+ to F) were assigned numbers from 15 to 2, with 0 assigned for missing/incomplete grades. Trends from Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 (2014) to 4.0 (2022) were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with level of economic development and gender inequity considered as potential moderators. Results: Report card grades were generally relatively stable. Trends generally did not differ significantly by level of economic development (except for Active Transportation and Active Play), but gender inequality did significantly moderate trends for most of the indicators, with higher gender inequality associated with more adverse changes in grades. The number of “incomplete” grades decreased over time, but this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: While trends varied within and between countries, physical activity and sedentary behaviors, and the influences on these behaviors globally, were relatively stable over the past decade or so, albeit at undesirable levels.

show abstract

“…However, one study in the UK did not find an association between deprivation and underweight prevalence in children. 42 Given that our study is the first to suggest an association between material deprivation and underweight in a highincome country, further study into the mechanism by which material deprivation affects weight status is needed to offer insight into this association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Associations between social determinants of health and weight status in preschool children: a population-based study

Wijesundera

Kaul

Savu

et al. 2023

Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Social determinants of health (SDH) may influence children’s weight status. Our objective was to examine relationships between SDH and preschoolers’ weight status. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 169 465 children (aged 4–6 years) with anthropometric measurements taken at immunization visits from 2009 to 2017 in Edmonton and Calgary, Canada. Children were categorized by weight status based on WHO criteria. Maternal data were linked to child data. The Pampalon Material and Social Deprivation Indexes were used to assess deprivation. We used multinomial logistic regression to generate relative risk ratios (RRRs) to examine associations between ethnicity, maternal immigrant status, neighbourhood-level household income, urban/ rural residence and material and social deprivation with child weight status. Results Children of Chinese ethnicity were less likely than those in the General Population to have overweight (RRR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.61–0.69) and obesity (RRR = 0.51, 0.42–0.62). Children of South Asian ethnicity were more likely than those in the General Population to have underweight (RRR = 4.14, 3.54–4.84) and more likely to have obesity (RRR = 1.39, 1.22–1.60). Children with maternal immigrant status were less likely than those without maternal immigrant status to have underweight (RRR = 0.72, 0.63–0.82) and obesity (RRR = 0.71, 0.66–0.77). Children were less likely to have overweight (RRR = 0.95, 0.94–0.95) and obesity (RRR = 0.88, 0.86–0.90) for every CAD 10 000 increase in income. Relative to the least deprived quintile, children in the most materially deprived quintile were more likely to have underweight (RRR = 1.36, 1.13–1.62), overweight (RRR = 1.52, 1.46–1.58) and obesity (RRR = 2.83, 2.54–3.15). Relative to the least deprived quintile, children in the most socially deprived quintile were more likely to have overweight (RRR = 1.21, 1.17–1.26) and obesity (RRR = 1.40, 1.26–1.56). All results are significant to p $lt; 0.001. Conclusion Our findings suggest the need for interventions and policies to address SDH in preschoolers to optimize their weight and health.

show abstract

Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in underweight and obesity in 5-year-old children, 2011–2018: a population-based, repeated cross-sectional study

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Further reductions in the prevalence of obesity in 4-year-old New Zealand children from 2017 to 2019

Further reductions in the prevalence of obesity in 4-year-old New Zealand children from 2017 to 2019

Recent Secular Trends in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Internationally: Analyses of Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrices 1.0 to 4.0

Associations between social determinants of health and weight status in preschool children: a population-based study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About