Trends in socio-economic inequalities in the Scottish diet: 2001–2009

Barton, Karen; Wrieden, W. L.; Sherriff, Andrea; Armstrong, Julie; Anderson, Annie S.

doi:10.1017/s1368980015000361

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our research confirms previous work that the average UK diet does not meet dietary guidelines [31,53,54]. However, contrary to previous research, it would appear that it is possible to purchase a diet that is healthy and sustainable at a relative low cost.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The study used purchase data from a large representative sample of the UK population. It has been suggested that purchase data is less subject to bias than individual food diaries [31,49], but as it combines data from purchase diaries within households, it is not possible to see the individual diets of household members or adjust for household composition or ages within the household. In addition, it is not possible to determine how much, if any, food and drink may have been purchased for friends and family outside the household, or whether the purchases were consumed within the 2-week recording period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is conducted throughout the year and collects data on income and expenditure from a representative sample of UK households. It provides a valuable source of information about household food purchases, from which estimates of food consumption and nutrient intakes can be derived [30,31]. The LCFS collects household food purchase data from every person over seven years of age over a 14-day period.…”

Section: Living Costs and Food Survey (Lcfs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Diets in the UK—Developing a Systematic Framework to Assess the Environmental Impact, Cost and Nutritional Quality of Household Food Purchases

et al. 2019

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Sustainable diets should not only respect the environment but also be healthy and affordable. However, there has been little work to assess whether real diets can encompass all three aspects. The aim of this study was to develop a framework to quantify actual diet records for health, affordability and environmental sustainability and apply this to UK food purchase survey data. We applied a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to detailed food composition data where purchased food items were disaggregated into their components with traceable environmental impact data. This novel approach is an improvement to earlier studies in which sustainability assessments were based on a limited number of “food groups”, with a potentially high variation of actual food items within each group. Living Costs and Food Survey data for 2012, 2013 and 2014 were mapped into published figures for greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE, taking into account processing, transport and cooking) and land use, a diet quality index (DQI) based on dietary guidelines and food cost, all standardised per household member. Households were classified as having a ‘more sustainable’ diet based on GHGE, cost and land use being less than the median and DQI being higher than the median. Only 16.6% of households could be described as more sustainable; this rose to 22% for those in the lowest income quintile. Increasing the DQI criteria to >80% resulted in only 100 households being selected, representing 0.8% of the sample. The framework enabled identification of more sustainable households, providing evidence of how we can move toward better diets in terms of the environment, health, and costs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Living Costs and Food Survey (Lcfs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Diets in the UK—Developing a Systematic Framework to Assess the Environmental Impact, Cost and Nutritional Quality of Household Food Purchases

et al. 2019

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“…For example, the relative cost of a high-quality diet increased in the UK (and other high income countries) from the 1990s–2010,[58] although it is unclear if this was matched by increased inequalities in dietary intake. [14, 59] In addition, studies have suggested that there have been increasing cultural expectations from the 1970s onwards for women to be thin,[60] yet for men to be muscular. [61, 62] Since women of higher SEP are likely to have had greater resources to follow these trends, these changes could explain the increasing inequalities observed in the 1970 BCS compared with earlier born cohorts; mean BMI in the most advantaged group remained similar in all three cohorts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Body Mass Index across Adulthood: Coordinated Analyses of Individual Participant Data from Three British Birth Cohort Studies Initiated in 1946, 1958 and 1970

Bann¹,

Johnson

Li³

et al. 2017

PLoS Med

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BackgroundHigh body mass index (BMI) is an important contributor to the global burden of ill-health and health inequality. Lower socioeconomic position (SEP) in both childhood and adulthood is associated with higher adult BMI, but how these associations have changed across time is poorly understood. We used longitudinal data to examine how childhood and adult SEP relates to BMI across adulthood in three national British birth cohorts.Methods and FindingsThe sample comprised up to 22,810 participants with 77,115 BMI observations in the 1946 MRC National Survey of Health and Development (ages 20 to 60–64), the 1958 National Child Development Study (ages 23 to 50), and the 1970 British Cohort Study (ages 26 to 42). Harmonized social class-based SEP data (Registrar General’s Social Class) was ascertained in childhood (father’s class at 10/11 y) and adulthood (42/43 years), and BMI repeatedly across adulthood, spanning 1966 to 2012. Associations between SEP and BMI were examined using linear regression and multilevel models.Lower childhood SEP was associated with higher adult BMI in both genders, and differences were typically larger at older ages and similar in magnitude in each cohort. The strength of association between adult SEP and BMI did not vary with age in any consistent pattern in these cohorts, but were more evident in women than men, and inequalities were larger among women in the 1970 cohort compared with earlier-born cohorts. For example, mean differences in BMI at 42/43 y amongst women in the lowest compared with highest social class were 2.0 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.1, 4.0) in the 1946 NSHD, 2.3 kg/m2 (1.1, 3.4) in the 1958 NCDS, and 3.9 kg/m2 (2.3, 5.4) the in the 1970 BCS; mean (SD) BMI in the highest and lowest social classes were as follows: 24.9 (0.8) versus 26.8 (0.7) in the 1946 NSHD, 24.2 (0.4) versus 26.5 (0.4) in the 1958 NCDS, and 24.2 (0.3) versus 28.1 (0.8) in the 1970 BCS. Findings did not differ whether using overweight or obesity as an outcome.Limitations of this work include the use of social class as the sole indicator of SEP—while it was available in each cohort in both childhood and adulthood, trends in BMI inequalities may differ according to other dimensions of SEP such as education or income. Although harmonized data were used to aid inferences about birth cohort differences in BMI inequality, differences in other factors may have also contributed to findings—for example, differences in missing data.ConclusionsGiven these persisting inequalities and their public health implications, new and effective policies to reduce inequalities in adult BMI that tackle inequality with respect to both childhood and adult SEP are urgently required

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“…In Scotland, CRC risk is associated with increasing deprivation in men (3) , which may be partly attributable to a higher BMI, as well as smoking (4) . A low socio-economic status has also been linked with a reduced consumption of fruit, vegetables, wholemeal bread and fibre and an increased consumption of fat, meat, processed meat and sugar (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) . However, those individuals from more deprived backgrounds may also face a wide range of barriers to a healthy lifestyle, such as food prices (13)(14)(15)(16)(17) , a lack of local facilities (18) , pre-existing health problems (19) , lower education (11) and lower self-efficacy (20,21) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of social deprivation on the response to a randomised controlled trial of a weight management intervention (BeWEL) for people at increased risk of colorectal cancer

Fisher

Craigie

Macleod

et al. 2017

J Human Nutrition Diet

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BackgroundAlthough 45% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases may be avoidable through appropriate lifestyle and weight management, health promotion interventions run the risk of widening health inequalities. The BeWEL randomised controlled trial assessed the impact of a diet and activity programme in overweight adults who were diagnosed with a colorectal adenoma, demonstrating a significantly greater weight loss at 12 months in intervention participants than in controls. The present study aimed to compare BeWEL intervention outcomes by participant deprivation status.MethodsThe intervention group of the BeWEL trial (n = 163) was classified by the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles into ‘more deprived’ (SIMD 1–2, n = 58) and ‘less deprived’ (SIMD 3–5, n = 105). Socio‐economic and lifestyle variables were compared at baseline to identify potential challenges to intervention adherence in the more deprived. Between group differences at 12 months in primary outcome (change in body weight) and secondary outcomes (cardiovascular risk factors, diet, physical activity, knowledge of CRC risk and psychosocial variables) were assessed by deprivation status.ResultsAt baseline, education (P = 0.001), income (P < 0.001), spending on physical activity (P = 0.003) and success at previous weight loss attempts (P = 0.007) were significantly lower in the most deprived. At 12 months, no between group differences by deprivation status were detected for changes in primary and main secondary outcomes.ConclusionsDespite potential barriers faced by the more deprived participants, primary and most secondary outcomes were comparable between groups, indicating that this intervention is unlikely to worsen health inequalities and is equally effective across socio‐economic groups.

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Trends in socio-economic inequalities in the Scottish diet: 2001–2009

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Sustainable Diets in the UK—Developing a Systematic Framework to Assess the Environmental Impact, Cost and Nutritional Quality of Household Food Purchases

Sustainable Diets in the UK—Developing a Systematic Framework to Assess the Environmental Impact, Cost and Nutritional Quality of Household Food Purchases

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Body Mass Index across Adulthood: Coordinated Analyses of Individual Participant Data from Three British Birth Cohort Studies Initiated in 1946, 1958 and 1970

The impact of social deprivation on the response to a randomised controlled trial of a weight management intervention (BeWEL) for people at increased risk of colorectal cancer

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