Trends in Prevalence of Blindness and Distance and Near Vision Impairment Over 30 Years and Contribution to the Global Burden of Disease in 2020

Bourne, Rupert R A; Adelson, Jaimie D.; Flaxman, Seth; Briant, Paul Svitil; Taylor, Hugh R.; Casson, Robert J.; Бикбов, М.М.; Bottone, Michele; Braithwaite, Tasanee; Bron, Alain M.; Cheng, Ching‐Yu; Cicinelli, Maria Vittoria; Congdon, Nathan; Friedman, David S.; Furtado, João M; George, Ronnie; Kahloun, Rim; Kempen, John H.; Khairallah, Moncef; Lansingh, Van Charles; Leasher, Janet; Leveziel, Nicolas; Limburg, Hans; Nangi, Vinay; Ogundimu, Kolawole; Pesudovs, Konrad; Reinig, Nikolas; Resnikoff, Serge; Silverster, Alexander J.; Tahhan, Nina; Varma, Rohit; Wang, Ke; Wang, Ya Xing; Wong, Tien Yin; Jonas, Jost B.; Vos, Theo

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3582742

Cited by 70 publications

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“…First, at a global level estimates varied from $322.1 billion to $518.7 billion (GDP model) when we used the upper and lower 95% uncertainty intervals of the crude prevalence of blindness and MSVI. Despite this uncertainty, these prevalence data are the most accurate and up-to-date information available [1] . The second sensitivity analysis used Eurostat disability data for the relative reduction in employment and found productivity losses to be 36% lower if relative reduction in employment due to vision loss is assumed to be equal to any other disability such as hearing, walking and communicating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The working age population was defined as those aged 15 to 64 years old inclusive [13] . Data on the number of people of working age with blindness or MSVI (and 95% uncertainty intervals [UI]) in each GBD region in 2020 were provided by the GBD Study / Vision Loss Expert Group (VLEG) [1] . RB provided VLEG prevalence data in 5-year increments of age; from these data, APM extracted the working age population data by region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate whether the uncertainty of the prevalence data and the relative reduction in employment data result in substantive changes in the estimates. We used available published prevalence [1] and relative reduction in employment data for the sensitivity analysis [40] , [41] , [42] . First, the upper and lower values of the 95% uncertainty intervals of the number of people in the working age population with MSVI or blindness were used to generate a range for each of the productivity loss estimates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide in 2020 an estimated 596.2 million people have distance vision impairment, of whom 43.3 million are blind and 295.1 million have moderate or severe vision impairment (MSVI) [1] . A further 509.7 million have uncorrected near vision impairment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global economic productivity losses from vision impairment and blindness

et al. 2021

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Background In the absence of accessible, good quality eye health services and inclusive environments, vision loss can impact individuals, households and communities in many ways, including through increased poverty, reduced quality of life and reduced employment. We aimed to estimate the annual potential productivity losses associated with reduced employment due to blindness and moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI) at a regional and global level. Methods We constructed a model using the most recent economic, demographic (2018) and prevalence (2020) data. Calculations were limited to the working age population (15–64 years) and presented in 2018 US Dollars purchasing power parity (ppp). Two separate models, using Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Income (GNI), were calculated to maximise comparability with previous estimates. Findings We found that 160.7 million people with MSVI or blindness were within the working age and estimated that the overall relative reduction in employment by people with vision loss was 30.2%. Globally, using GDP we estimated that the annual cost of potential productivity losses of MSVI and blindness was $410.7 billion ppp (range $322.1 - $518.7 billion), or 0.3% of GDP. Using GNI, overall productivity losses were estimated at $408.5 billion ppp (range $320.4 - $515.9 billion), 0.5% lower than estimates using GDP. Interpretation These findings support the view that blindness and MSVI are associated with a large economic impact worldwide. Reducing and preventing vision loss and developing and implementing strategies to help visually impaired people to find and keep employment may result in significant productivity gains Funding MJB is supported by the Wellcome Trust (207472/Z/17/Z). JR's appointment at the University of Auckland is funded by the Buchanan Charitable Foundation, New Zealand. The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health was supported by grants from The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust, Moorfields Eye Charity (GR001061), NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, The Wellcome Trust, Sightsavers, The Fred Hollows Foundation, The SEVA Foundation, The British Council for the Prevention of Blindness and Christian Blind Mission. The funders had no role in the design, conduct, data analysis of the study, or writing of the manuscript.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global economic productivity losses from vision impairment and blindness

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“…Updated projections from the Vision Loss Expert Group are anticipated over coming months, but these conclusions will likely remain unchanged. 15 Undercorrected refractive disorders and cataract, though often considered the low-hanging fruit in ophthalmology, remain by far the most common causes of vision impairment ( Figure 3 ). This fact alone underscores the urgency with which ophthalmic services must be better integrated into healthcare systems across the world.…”

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confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and the Unfinished Agenda of VISION 2020

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Jonas

Lietman

et al. 2021

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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Association Between Visual Impairment and Depression in Patients Attending Eye Clinics

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCE Given that depression is treatable and some ocular diseases that cause visual loss are reversible, early identification and treatment of patients with visual impairment who are most at risk of depression may have an important influence on the well-being of these patients.OBJECTIVE To conduct a meta-analysis on the prevalence of depression in patients with visual impairment who regularly visit eye clinics and low vision rehabilitation services.DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (inception to June 7, 2020) and Embase (inception to June 7, 2020) were searched.STUDY SELECTION Studies that obtained data on the association between acquired visual impairment and depression among individuals aged 18 years or older were identified and included in this review. Exclusion criteria comprised inherited or congenital eye diseases, review studies, unpublished articles, abstracts, theses, dissertations, and book chapters. Four independent reviewers analyzed the results of the search and performed the selection and data extraction to ensure accuracy.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Meta-analyses of prevalence were conducted using random-intercept logistic regression models. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Proportion of depression.RESULTS A total of 27 studies were included in this review, and all but 2 included patients older than 65 years. Among 6992 total patients (mean [SD] age, 76 [13.9] years; 4195 women [60%]) with visual impairment, in 1687 patients with depression, the median proportion of depression was 0.30 (range, 0.03-0.54). The random-effects pooled estimate was 0.25 (95% CI, 0.19-0.33) with high heterogeneity (95% predictive interval, 0.05-0.70). No patient characteristic, measured at the study level, influenced the prevalence of depression, except for the inclusion of patients with cognitive impairment (0.33; 95% CI, 0.28-0.38 in 14 studies vs 0.18; 95% CI, 0.11-0.30 in 13 studies that excluded this with major comorbidities; P = .008). The prevalence of depression was high both in clinic-based studies (in 6 studies, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.23-0.47) and in rehabilitation services (in 18 studies, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.18-0.33 vs other settings in 3 studies, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05-0.38; P = .17), and did not vary by visual impairment severity of mild (in 8 studies, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.14-0.38), moderate (in 10 studies, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.21-0.39), and severe (in 5 studies, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.12-0.56; P = .51). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThe results of this meta-analysis suggest that depression in patients with visual impairment is a common problem that should be recognized and addressed by the health care professionals treating these patients.

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Trends in Prevalence of Blindness and Distance and Near Vision Impairment Over 30 Years and Contribution to the Global Burden of Disease in 2020

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Global economic productivity losses from vision impairment and blindness

Global economic productivity losses from vision impairment and blindness

COVID-19 and the Unfinished Agenda of VISION 2020

Association Between Visual Impairment and Depression in Patients Attending Eye Clinics

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