Trends in Overweight and Obesity Among Children and Adolescents in China from 1991 to 2015: A Meta-Analysis

Guo, Yaru; Yin, Xin; Huipan, WU; Chai, Xiaojiang; Yang, Xiaoguang

doi:10.3390/ijerph16234656

Cited by 70 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Existing evidence suggests that physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with total and abdominal adiposity, cardiovascular disease risk factors, skeletal health, psychological symptoms, and even academic performance [ 9 ]. In recent decades, a decline in physical fitness [ 10 , 11 ] and increased prevalence of overweight and obesity [ 12 , 13 ] are well documented in both China and Japan. According to a joint survey conducted by the two countries in 2016, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.5% and 5.8% higher in China than in Japan among boys and girls [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Physical Fitness and Weight Status in Children and Adolescents: A Comparison between China and Japan

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This study compared the physical fitness level and weight status of children and adolescents in China and Japan. Children and adolescents aged 7–18 years were recruited (China: n = 5660; Japan: n = 5660). Physical fitness was assessed using seven core items—grip strength, 30-s sit-ups, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, 20-s repeated straddling, 20-m shuttle run test, and 50-m dash. A physical fitness index (PFI) was calculated by adding all items’ Z-scores. We conducted comparisons of PFI and its distribution, each physical fitness item, and weight status for individuals from China and Japan across all ages. The PFI was lower in China than in Japan for all age groups, with an especially large difference at age 18 years for boys (a difference of 9.05) and girls (a difference of 9.10) (p < 0.001). The same result was seen for the seven items. The PFI distribution for children and adolescents was more disperse among those in Japan than among those in China. Obesity prevalence was 2.84 times higher in China than in Japan. An inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between physical fitness and nutritional status. Children and adolescents showed markedly lower physical fitness and higher obesity prevalence in China than in Japan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Physical Fitness and Weight Status in Children and Adolescents: A Comparison between China and Japan

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…More broadly, these results may contribute to understanding trends in obesity and metabolic health in China and inform the design of more effective individual and policy level interventions. As mentioned above, self-reported levels of physical activity are decreasing or unchanged in recent years and prevalence of obesity is increasing [ 20 , 60 ]. Knowledge of specific factors that are driving the decline in PA in youth is incomplete.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity, Step Counts, and Grip Strength in the Chinese Children and Families Cohort Study

Berrigan

Liu

Belcher

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Objectives: This paper describes the development of a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) designed for Chinese adolescents and their mothers in urban and rural settings, and reports on results of the PAQ, pedometry, and hand grip dynamometry from the Chinese Children and Families Cohort Study pilot investigation (CFCS). Methods: As part of a pilot investigation to evaluate the feasibility to follow-up and obtain detailed nutrition, dietary, physical activity, and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) data from CFCS participants, data were collected in 2013 for 93 adolescent/mother pairs from a rural (n = 41) and an urban site (n = 52) in two provinces. Respondents were asked to wear a pedometer for seven days (Omron HJ-151), use a Takei Digital Grip Strength Dynamometer on (each hand; three trials; two separate days), and complete a 39 item, eight domain PAQ covering the past year. Self-reported physical activity (PA) was linked to metabolic equivalent of task (MET) scores in kcal/kg/hr and used to calculate METs for different domains of PA and intensity categories. Results: Compliance was high (95%) in this measurement protocol administered by health staff during a series of data collection efforts at home and local clinics or health centers. Step counts were highly variable, averaging between 5000 and 10000 per day with somewhat higher step counts in rural adolescent boys. Maximum grip strength (Kgs) was greater in children (Mean = 36.5, SE = 0.8) than mothers (Mean = 28.8, SE = 0.8) and similar in the urban (Mean = 29.6, SE = 0.6) compared to the rural (Mean = 29.6, SE = 0.5) communities overall. Grip strength, step counts, and measures of time spent in different activities or activity intensities were uncorrelated. Conclusion: Device and question-based measurement of PA and strength were readily accepted in these Chinese urban and rural populations. The PAQ on physical activity in the past year produced some plausible population averages, but individual responses suggested recall challenges. If data about specific activities are required, future studies should explore use of standardized survey questions concerning such fewer specific activities or instruments examining shorter time periods such as one, three, or seven day recalls.

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“…The prevalence of overweight or obesity in children aged 5–19 years ranged from 6.8~58.3%, and more than 381 million children had overweight/obesity in 2016 worldwide [ 2 ]. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 11.7% and 6.8%, respectively, in 2011–2015 among children and adolescents in China [ 3 ]; the prevalence continues to increase, particularly in urban areas, and is accompanied by an increase in family income and changes in modern lifestyles [ 3 ]. A long-term cohort study found that obesity is the risk factor most strongly associated with a large carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and an increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) in young adulthood [ 4 , 5 ], and a large cIMT is an index of an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between socioeconomic status and childhood overweight/obesity is linked through paternal obesity and dietary intake: a cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China

Chen

Luo

Liang

et al. 2021

Environ Health Prev Med

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Background The prevalence of obesity and overweight in childhood has increased dramatically over the past decades globally. Thus, the risk factors of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents must be studied. Objectives This study aimed to reveal the prevalence of childhood obesity and examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and z-body mass index (z-BMI) via parental obesity and dietary intake using path analysis. Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to select 17,007 participants aged 6–12 years on two avenues per region in urban, suburban, and rural areas. Path analysis was conducted to examine the mediators between SES and z-BMI. Results The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 13.36% and 8.60%, respectively, and were positively correlated with the father’s education level, family income, a birth weight > 3000g, a parental obesity history, vegetable intake and red meat intake (all P < 0.05). Four mediators (paternal obesity history, red meat intake, vegetable intake, and nutritional supplements) were observed, and the four path analyses were significant (all P < 0.05). The adjusted total effects on z-BMI were significant for income (βTot = 0.03; P < 0.01), father’s education (βTot = 0.05; P < 0.001), and region (βTot = 0.11; P<0.001), and the total mediation effects were 20.69%, 16.67%, and 5.36%, respectively. All the variables accounted for 12.60% of the z-BMI variance. Conclusions The prevalence of overweight/obesity in children was notable, and the relationship between SES and z-BMI was mediated by paternal obesity history and dietary intake.

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Trends in Overweight and Obesity Among Children and Adolescents in China from 1991 to 2015: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 70 publications

References 36 publications

Levels of Physical Fitness and Weight Status in Children and Adolescents: A Comparison between China and Japan

Levels of Physical Fitness and Weight Status in Children and Adolescents: A Comparison between China and Japan

Physical Activity, Step Counts, and Grip Strength in the Chinese Children and Families Cohort Study

The relationship between socioeconomic status and childhood overweight/obesity is linked through paternal obesity and dietary intake: a cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China

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