Trends in incidence of AIDS associated with transfusion of blood and blood products in Europe and the United States, 1985-93

Abstract

Objective-To quantify patterns and trends in incidence of AIDS associated with transfusion of blood and its products in 14

Frequency of a Mutated CCR-5 Allele (Delta32) among Italian Healthy Donors and Individuals at Risk of Parenteral HIV Infection

“…Indeed, it has been proposed that the difference in D 32 allele frequencies between Europe and Africa, where the D 32 allele is virtually absent and the HIV infection rate is steadily rising, could explain the different transmission rates in these continents. 12 However, the observation of equal HIV transmission rates in Italy and northern Europe, 29 and our finding of a significantly lower D 32 allele frequency in Italy, make it improbable that CCR-5 allelism could be a major factor influencing the different transmission rates in different countries; rather, they buttress the notion that unknown additional factors affecting susceptibility to HIV infection exist.…”

The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model of ART Adherence in Romanian Young Adults

“…Adolescents and young adults represent over 70% of the people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Romania, most of them infected at early ages in hospital settings because of contaminated blood transfusions or nonsterile medical equipment (Buzducea, Lazăr, & Mardare, 2010), as part of the nosocomial spread of HIV in the early stages of the epidemic (1986 to 1992) in Europe and the United States (Franceschi, Maso, & La Vecchia, 1995). Of the estimated 10000 Romanian children affected at the time, about 7000 are longterm HIV survivors, and 68% of these are actively monitored (Buzducea, et al, 2010).…”

Blood supply safety in Afghanistan: a national assessment of high‐volume facilities

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates up to 10% of all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections globally were acquired through transfusion and recommends measures to ensure a sustainable and safe national blood supply, including nonremunerated voluntary donations, donor education programs, donor screening criteria, and sensitive blood screening tests . Blood bank services deviating from established standards in collection, screening, storage, and transfusion of blood increase the risk of adverse reactions and infection …”

“…2,3 Blood bank services deviating from established standards in collection, screening, storage, and transfusion of blood increase the risk of adverse reactions and infection. [4][5][6][7] In resource-limited settings, problems, such as poor recordkeeping, insufficient consumable supply, staff shortages, and inadequate electricity and refrigeration, are key bottlenecks to achieving safe transfusion. 8 Predonation risk assessment strategies reduce laboratory burdens by screening out high-risk donors and are effective for preventing transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) with undetectable window periods or for which cost-effective or sensitive assays are unavailable.…”