Trends in healthy life expectancy in the United States, 1970–1990: gender, racial, and educational differences

Crimmins, Eileen M.; Saito, Yasuhiko

doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00273-2

Cited by 458 publications

(398 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The results remained rather stable when adjusting for age and gender, meaning that complex health problems among the oldest old increased significantly between 1992 and 2002, both with and without considering slightly different age and gender distributions at the two survey waves. Additionally, consistent with previous studies on factors affecting health among elderly people, our results indicated independent significant effects of gender, age and education on the odds of having complex health problems (Crimmins and Saito 2001;Leveille et al 2000;Melzer et al 2000;Parker et al 1994;Thorslund and Lundberg 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Complex health problems in the oldest old in Sweden 1992–2002

et al. 2006

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Most studies on health trends in the elderly population focus on specific conditions, studied one at a time. However, health problems are often interrelated and exist simultaneously in late life. Individuals with health problems in several domains present special challenges to care services. To estimate future needs for care it may be relevant to study trends of complex health problems as well as single health items. This study identified serious problems in three domains (diseases/ symptoms, mobility, cognition/communication) in two representative samples of the Swedish population aged 77 and older (1992: n=537; 2002: n=561). People with serious problems in two or three domains were considered to have complex health problems. Changes between 1992 and 2002 in the prevalence of persons having serious problems in no, one and two/three domains were analyzed with logistic regressions. When examining each domain separately all three showed a significant increase of serious problems. For diseases/symptoms the increase remained significant after controlling for different age and gender distributions in the two surveys. Results showed a significant increase in the prevalence of having problems in one domain, as well as having problems in two or three domains (complex problems). Results persisted when adjusting for different distributions in age, gender and education between 1992 and 2002. Results suggest a worsening of health during the 10-year period and an increase of complex problems. This emphasizes the necessity of cooperation and collaboration between different kinds of medical and social services for elderly people.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Complex health problems in the oldest old in Sweden 1992–2002

et al. 2006

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“…For "years of education" we found a positive trend for both men and women -the more years the better FA. This confirms earlier studies [31,32] which found that physical functioning increased significantly with years of education.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Functional Ability, Physical Activity and Self-rated Health in Old Age A Cross Sectional Population-based Study in Norway

Forsén¹

2012

TOPHJ

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Functional ability (FA) is here defined as having no limitations in five questions related to the ICF dimensions "Activity" and "Participation" (ICF=International Classification of Functioning). The aim was to explore how individual and contextual factors were associated with FA in each gender, and to explore to what extent physical activity (PA) and this measure of FA used in large multipurpose health surveys seem to measure different constructs, and how close the association between PA and FA was, and whether it differed within self-rated health (SRH), lifestyle and contextual factors. Methods: All men and women aged 75-77 (N=11684) in five counties in Norway were invited to health surveys in 2000-2003. 49% participated (2626 men, 3146 women) with answers on the five questions on FA. Data were analysed using logistic regression, factor analysis, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Results: Good SRH, no serious pain or stiffness in muscles and joints, interest from others, no psychological distress and no weekly use of analgesics, hypnotics, tranquilisers or antidepressants showed the highest positive associations with FA for both men and women. The SEMestimated correlation of FA and PA items was lowest in healthy elderly (r=0.19 (0.11-0.24)) compared to those with poor health (r=0.40 (0.35-0.45)). FA and PA measured different constructs. Conclusion: According to low correlation between FA and PA in healthy men and women, we suggest that FA and PA did not measure the same construct, and impairments in functional ability did not necessarily mean low level of physical activity if SRH was good.

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“…32 A study from Austria about educational disparity trends showed that, among women, there is a significant increase of the difference in healthy life expectancy between people from middle-and low-education backgrounds. 33 Thus, the results presented in this study need to be viewed with caution as the elderly population evaluated presented a lower level of education compared with countries where DFLE time series are available, such as those in Europe and North America. In populations with low educational levels, a tendency to expansion of morbidity would therefore be expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Expansion of morbidity: trends in healthy life expectancy of the elderly population

Campolina

Adami²,

Santos

et al. 2014

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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Conflict of interest: noneObjective: to analyze the changes in life expectancy (LE) and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) in São Paulo's elderly population to assess the occurrence of compression or expansion of morbidity, between 2000 and 2010. Methods: cross-sectional and population survey, based on official data for the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and data obtained from the Health, Well-Being and Aging Survey (SABE). Functional disability was defined as difficulty in performing at least one basic activity of daily living. The Sullivan method was used to calculate LE and DFLE for the years 2000 to 2010. Results: from 2000 to 2010, there was an increase in disabled life expectancy (DLE) in all age groups and both sexes. The proportion of years of life free of disability, at 60 years of age, decreased from 57.94% to 46.23% in women, and from 75.34% to 63.65% in men. At 75 years of age, this ratio decreased from 47.55% to 34.54% in women, and from 61.31% to 56.01% in men. Conclusion: the expansion of morbidity is an ongoing process in the elderly population of the municipality of São Paulo, in the period of 2000-2010. These results can contribute to the development of preventive strategies and planning of adequate health services to future generations of seniors.

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Trends in healthy life expectancy in the United States, 1970–1990: gender, racial, and educational differences

Cited by 458 publications

References 34 publications

Complex health problems in the oldest old in Sweden 1992–2002

Complex health problems in the oldest old in Sweden 1992–2002

Functional Ability, Physical Activity and Self-rated Health in Old Age A Cross Sectional Population-based Study in Norway

Expansion of morbidity: trends in healthy life expectancy of the elderly population

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