Trends in Forest Site and Land Classification in Canada

Burger, D.; Pierpoint, G.

doi:10.5558/tfc66091-2

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Results from this trial have illustrated the site-specific nature of crop and noncrop vegetation responses to competition and treatments (Wagner 1993;Burger and Pierpoint 1990). For example, herbicide application eliminated noncrop vegetation on all sites but accelerated seedling growth significantly only on the Alnus site (p < 0.05, Table 2) and had no significant effects on biomass on the other sites (Fig.…”

Section: Site and Treatment Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Because of increasing public criticism of the use of chemical herbicides (Buse et al 1995), there is pressure to implement integrated vegetation management using a variety of mechanical and biological methods such as mulching, prescribed fire, grazing, cover cropping (Wagner 1993), and planting "nutrient loaded" seedlings (Malik and Timmer 1996). Silvicultural practices associated with these methods must, however, be prescribed on a site-specific basis since tree and weed responses to treatments usually vary among sites (Burger and Pierpoint 1990). Also, such methods should reduce weed competition only to the extent that they relieve significant interference with the trees based on some specified economic or biological criteria.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Vector competition analysis of black spruce seedling responses to nutrient loading and vegetation control

Imo¹,

Timmer²

1999

Can. J. For. Res.

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Impacts of methods to overcome competing vegetation (fertilization, herbicide application, and shading) on conventional and nutrient-loaded black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) seedlings were examined on six forest site types in northeastern Ontario using vector competition analysis. Four sites (Alnus; hardwood; mixedwood, herb rich; and mixedwood, herb poor) were selected to represent high competition, and two sites (feathermoss and Vaccinium) to represent low-competition forest sites. Although similar in biomass before planting, loaded seedlings had greater N, P, and K content than nonloaded seedlings. After planting, loaded seedlings outperformed growth of nonloaded seedlings under all vegetation-control treatments on all sites. Herbicide application eliminated noncrop vegetation but resulted in significantly higher seedling biomass only on the high-competition Alnus site. Field fertilization stimulated weed growth resulting in seedling suppression on the high-competition sites, while nutrient loading countered weed competition on most sites. Interpretation of these results by vector competition analysis revealed that, without fertilization, competition for nutrients was the primary factor limiting seedling growth, while competition for light and (or) moisture was greater after fertilizer addition on weed-prone sites. Similar interpretation revealed no seedling-weed interactions in the less competitive sites.Résumé : L'effet de méthodes visant à surmonter les problèmes associés à la végétation compétitrice (fertilisation, application d'herbicides et ombrage) a été étudié sur des semis d'épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) conventionnels et des semis soumis à une consommation de luxe, sur six types forestiers du nord-est de l'Ontario à l'aide de l'analyse vectorielle. Quatre stations (Alnus, feuillus, forêt mixte riche en herbacées et forêt mixte pauvre en herbacées) ont été choisies pour représenter les conditions de forte compétition, et deux stations (mousses hypnacées et Vaccinium) pour représenter les stations à faible compétition. Même si leur biomasse ne différait pas avant la plantation, les semis à consommation de luxe présentaient des contenus en N, P et K supérieurs par rapport aux semis conventionnels. Après la plantation, les semis avec consommation de luxe ont présenté une croissance supérieure pour tous les traitements de répression de la végétation compétitrice et pour toutes les stations. L'application d'herbicides a éliminé la végétation indésirable mais n'a produit des biomasses de semis significativement supérieures que sur le site d'Alnus avec compétition intense. La fertilisation au champ a stimulé la croissance de la végétation indésirable, ce qui a conduit à la suppression des semis sur les stations avec compétition intense, tandis que la consommation de luxe a permis de contrer la compétition sur la plupart des stations. L'interprétation des résultats à l'aide de l'analyse vectorielle révèle que, sans fertilisation, la compétition pour les éléments nutritifs était la cause pr...

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Section: Site and Treatment Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector competition analysis of black spruce seedling responses to nutrient loading and vegetation control

Imo¹,

Timmer²

1999

Can. J. For. Res.

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“…Although similar in size at planting, loading increased seedling biomass by 72 to 103% in the Hardwood and by 40 to 107% in the Feathermoss site (Table 2), exemplifying the critical advantage of nutrient loading in plantation establishment (Timmer and Aidelbaum 1996). Weed removal by herbicide application increased seedling biomass and nutrient uptake in the Hardwood site but had no effect on seedling performance in the Feathermoss site (Table 3), illustrating the site-specific nature of crop and non-crop vegetation responses to treatments (Burger and Pierpoint 1990). Biomass and nutrient uptake of weedy (non-herbicide treated) loaded seedlings was higher (except when fertilized) than in competition-free conventional seedlings demonstrating that loading during greenhouse culture was more effective than herbicide application, an important advantage in terms of weed control strategies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal is to achieve forest sustainability by promoting greater reliance on biological and mechanical methods such as planting more competitive (nutrient loaded) seedlings (Malik and Timmer 1996), using manual cuttings, cover cropping, mulches and grazers (Wagner 1994). Silvicultural decisions and treatment practices associated with this integrated approach must, however, be prescribed on a site-specific basis because vegetation responses to treatments will vary locally (Burger and Pierpoint 1990;Wagner 1993). Unfortunately, quantitative techniques to objectively assess and justify various vegetation management options on specific sites are not available (Walstad and Kuch 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Vector competition analysis: a new approach for evaluating vegetation control methods in young black spruce plantations

Imo¹,

Timmer²

1998

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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analysis: a new approach for evaluating vegetation control methods in young black spruce plantations. Can. J. Soil Sci. 78: 3-15. This paper reports on a new graphical analysis technique that facilitates screening alternative strategies for crop management in programs of integrated vegetation management in young forest plantations. The responsiveness of black spruce seedlings to three vegetation management measures (herbicide application, fertilization and seedling nutrient loading) on two contrasting site types (Hardwood [ST 10] and Feathermoss [ST 4]) located in northern Ontario, were compared and evaluated using vector competition analysis. The approach is based on vector diagnosis and regression analysis that compare growth and nutritional interactions between crop and non-crop plants competing for the same growth resources. Response parameters are examined in a bivariate model depicting vectors of changing biomass production or nutrient uptake relative to competition-free treatments. Although herbicide application reduced non-crop vegetation on both sites, it accelerated tree growth and nutrient uptake only in the herb-rich Hardwood site, but had no effect on seedlings in the Feathermoss site. Fertilization stimulated vegetation growth in the competitive Hardwood site causing seedling suppression, but stimulated both tree and noncrop vegetation growth in the Feathermoss site because of weaker competition. Preplant nutrient loading improved seedling growth and nutrition reducing competition of neighboring weeds. Vector competition analysis facilitated interpretation of plant interactive relationships and identification of limiting factors. Advantages over traditional competition indices are that both growth and nutrition parameters, as well as crop and non-crop responses are quantitatively and systematically evaluated, and that simultaneous comparisons simplified screening of the most effective treatments and sites for possible vegetation control. , dans le nord de l'Ontario. La nouvelle approche est basée sur l'analyse par diagnostic vectoriel et par régression qui permet de comparer les interactions entre la croissance et les ressources nutritives affectant la culture et les plantes en place se disputant les mêmes ressources. Les paramètres des réactions sont examinés dans un modèle à deux variables décrivant les vecteurs d'évolution de la production de biomasse ou de l'absorption des nutriments par comparaison avec un environnement libre de toute concurrence. Bien que les traitements herbicides réduisaient la végétation spontanée sur les deux stations, ils accéléraient la croissance des jeunes arbres et l'absorption des nutriments à la station Hardwood, riche en plantes herbacées, mais ils n'avaient pas d'effet sur les jeunes arbres à la station Feathermoss. La fumure stimulait la croissance de la végétation spontanée dans la station la plus concurrentielle (Hardwood) au détriment des jeunes plants mais en présence d'une concurrence plus faible (Feathermoss) elle stimulait la croissance à la fois des arbr...

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“…Steinbrenner 1975; Jones et al 1983;Burger and Pierpoint 1990). Predicting forest growth using soil-landscape units becomes a common practice in North-American silvicultural guides (Chapeskie et al 1989), soil survey reports or scientific papers (Ralston 1964;Hairston and Grigal 1991;Fralish 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Predicting yield of Norway spruce and Douglas-fir using a morphopedological approach in the granitic landscapes of French Massif Central

Curt¹

1999

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Curt, T. 1999. Predicting yield of Norway spruce and Douglas-fir using a morphopedological approach in the granitic landscapes of French Massif Central. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 491-500. To investigate the productivity of two coniferous species in granitic uplands of the French Massif Central, relationships between soil-landscape units (= morphopedological units) and forest yield were examined. An alveola landscape model composed of seven main morphopedological units (MPU) characterizes these two granitic areas. In total, 460 forest stands were studied and joined to the MPU. Each type of MPU was correlated to the yield of Norway spruce and Douglas-fir, evaluated by the site index (dominant height of stand at a reference age). Results stress that MPU explain a large part of site index variations: 68.7% in Cevennes uplands and 50% in Limousin for Norway spruce, 42% in Limousin for Douglas-fir. The hierarchy of the productivity among MPU is comparable for both species and study areas. Highest site index values correspond to MPU with deep Brunisols in vales and bottom of alveolas, with a high soil water storage capacity but without waterlogging. Ridges and summits with coarse parent materials topped by shallow and nutrient-depleted soils experience the lowest site index values. The strong relationship between MPU and forest yield can be explained by a combination of ecological factors affecting forest yield: topoclimatic conditions, parent materials and soils. These results stress that inheritances from Tertiary, and from Quaternary periglacial environments still influence the present-day potentials of ecosystems. In conclusion, the advantages and drawbacks of morphopedological surveys for forest applications are discussed.Key words: Soil-landscape units, forest yield, Picea abies (L.) Karst., Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco Curt, T. 1999. Prédiction de la productivité de l'Epicéa commun et du Douglas à l'aide d'une approche morphopédologique dans les paysages granitiques du Massif Central français. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 491-500. Une approche de type morphopé-dologique a été utilisée pour prévoir la productivité de deux essences forestières résineuses en moyenne montagne granitique dans le Massif Central français. Ces régions sont caractérisées par un modèle de paysage en alvéoles, comprenant sept unités morphopédologiques élémentaires (UMP). 460 placettes forestières ont été étudiées. Pour chaque placette, on a corrélé le type d'UMP avec un indice décrivant la productivité de l'Epicéa commun et du Douglas, qui correspond à la hauteur dominante des peuplements à un âge de référence. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les UMP expliquent une large part des variations de cet indice de productivité forestière: 68,7 % dans les hautes Cévennes et 50 % en Limousin pour l'Epicéa commun, 42 % en Limousin pour le Douglas. La hiérarchie des UMP en fonction de leur indice de productivité est comparable pour les deux essences résineuses dans les deux régions étudiées. Les productivités les plus fortes sont observées sur ...

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Trends in Forest Site and Land Classification in Canada

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Vector competition analysis of black spruce seedling responses to nutrient loading and vegetation control

Vector competition analysis of black spruce seedling responses to nutrient loading and vegetation control

Vector competition analysis: a new approach for evaluating vegetation control methods in young black spruce plantations

Predicting yield of Norway spruce and Douglas-fir using a morphopedological approach in the granitic landscapes of French Massif Central

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