Trends in Clinical Diagnoses of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever among American Indians, 2001–2008

Folkema, Arianne M.; Holman, Robert C.; McQuiston, Jennifer H.; Cheek, James E.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0269

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Hyperendemic foci have been described repeatedly in communities in the American Southwest and northern Mexico, linked directly to large numbers of R. rickettsii-infected Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks that result from unchecked populations of stray and freeranging dogs (54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61). During 1999 to 2007, the overall U.S. incidence of RMSF and the case-fatality rate were approximately 4 times higher among American Indians than among members of other racial groups (62,63), related at least in part to the ecological dynamics created by large numbers of Rhipicephalus sanguineus and free-roaming dogs in peridomestic environments (64).…”

Section: North and Central Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia . These zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. However, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. Several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that were considered nonpathogenic for decades are now associated with human infections, and novel Rickettsia species of undetermined pathogenicity continue to be detected in or isolated from ticks around the world. This remarkable expansion of information has been driven largely by the use of molecular techniques that have facilitated the identification of novel and previously recognized rickettsiae in ticks. New approaches, such as swabbing of eschars to obtain material to be tested by PCR, have emerged in recent years and have played a role in describing emerging tick-borne rickettsioses. Here, we present the current knowledge on tick-borne rickettsiae and rickettsioses using a geographic approach toward the epidemiology of these diseases.

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Section: North and Central Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

et al. 2013

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“…Es importante sin embargo, resaltar que en algunas regiones y poblaciones indígenas de ese país, la incidencia es mucho mayor. Por ejemplo, se ha reportado que en indios americanos ocurren 94.6 casos por millón de habitantes, con un incremento significativo de la tendencia a partir del año 2000 21,22 .…”

Section: Epidemiologíaunclassified

“…De relevancia es también el hecho de que la emergencia de brotes epidémicos en ciertas regiones del continente americano está relacionado con condiciones de rezago social como la pobreza, deterioro ambiental y limitada educación, lo que por un lado, expone a un mayor riesgo de exposición y resultados fatales a poblaciones vulnerables como los indígenas 21,22 , y niños que viven y juegan en ambientes con intensa infestación ambiental de garrapatas 12 o que tienen dificultades de acceso a la atención médica oportuna 34 ; por el otro lado, ese rezago social tiene un efecto negativo en la forma en que la población percibe el riesgo de la exposición a la garrapata, su manera de convivir con perros ectoparasitados o realizar actividades en sitios con elevada infestación de garrapatas, así como el sentido que otorga a las manifestaciones clínicas iniciales de la enfermedad, todo esto contribuyendo al retraso de solicitud de atención médica y profundizando la vulnerabilidad de ciertos grupos 13 . Por lo descrito, es conveniente que se impulsen intervenciones e investigaciones multidisciplinarias que integren la compleja interacción de numerosos factores y promuevan una modificación positiva de la percepción del riesgo (Figura 1 …”

Section: Epidemiologíaunclassified

Fiebre manchada por Rickettsia rickettsii en las Américas: un problema creciente de salud pública

Álvarez-Hernández

Candia-Plata

Bolado-Martínez

et al. 2015

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Artículo científico de revisión RESUMENEl comportamiento epidemiológico de la fiebre manchada por Rickettsia rickettsii constituye un desafío para los sistemas de salud del continente americano. Es un padecimiento de relevancia médica por la letalidad que provoca si no es diagnosticado ni tratado oportunamente. Aunque cualquier persona es susceptible a la infección, algunos grupos poblacionales son más vulnerables debido a un mayor contacto con la garrapata transmisora, entre ellos los niños, quienes tienen mayor morbilidad por lo que se asocian con resultados fatales. En su origen participa una multitud de factores biológicos, ecológicos y sociales, interrelacionados complejamente, y cuyo abordaje requiere de intervenciones integradas y multidisciplinarias. La incidencia de la enfermedad puede continuar aumentando en la región, de modo que su ocurrencia actual constituye un llamado urgente para la acción regional. Acciones preventivas que disminuyan el contacto con garrapatas e incrementen la sospecha temprana de la enfermedad, son prioritarias en la agenda de salud de varias naciones de las Américas. ABSTRACTRocky mountain spotted fever is a public health problem in America. The disease remains as a challenge for Health Systems at regional level. It is an illness of medical relevance due to its high case-fatality rate when it is not diagnosed and treated early. Although anyone is susceptible to infection, some groups are more vulnerable due to increased exposure to ticks, including children who have higher morbidity and fatal outcomes. A myriad of biological, ecological and social factors, complexly interrelated, are associated with its epidemiological pattern, which requires integrated and multidisciplinary interventions at different levels. The incidence of the disease may continue to increase in the region and its actual occurrence required an urgent call for regional action. Preventive actions that reduce contact with ticks and increase early disease suspicion should be priorities in the health agenda of various nations in America.

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“…Higher rates of some zoonotic diseases, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and hantavirus infections, have been observed for AI/AN people. 19,20 In this study, we analyzed IHS inpatient data to evaluate the burden of encephalitis-associated hospitalizations for AI/AN people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encephalitis-Associated Hospitalizations among American Indians and Alaska Natives

Mehal

Holman²,

Vora³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Encephalitis produces considerable morbidity in the United States, but morbidity rates among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) people have not been described. Hospitalization records listing an encephalitis diagnosis were analyzed by using Indian Health Service direct/contract inpatient data. For 1998-2010, there were 436 encephalitisassociated hospitalizations among AI/AN people, an average annual age-adjusted hospitalization rate of 3.1/100,000 population. The rate for infants (11.9) was more than double that for any other age group. Death occurred for 4.1% of hospitalizations. Consistent with reports for the general U.S. population, the rate was high among infants and most (53.9%) hospitalizations were of unexplained etiology. The average annual rate during the study period appeared lower than for the general U.S. population, due particularly to lower rates in the elderly. Future community-based surveillance and mortality studies are needed to confirm these findings and examine reasons underlying the low rates of encephalitis in AI/AN people.

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Trends in Clinical Diagnoses of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever among American Indians, 2001–2008

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

Fiebre manchada por Rickettsia rickettsii en las Américas: un problema creciente de salud pública

Encephalitis-Associated Hospitalizations among American Indians and Alaska Natives

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