Trends in Blood Pressure and Prevalence of Hypertension in Korean Adults Based on the 1998–2014 KNHANES

Kim, Tae Jong; Lee, Jae Woo; Kang, Hee-Taik; Cho, Myeong Chan; Lim, Hyoung Ji; Kim, Jin Young; Bae, Jang Whan; Lee, Yong Jae; Lee, Sang Hyun; Linton, John A.; Kim, Yeseul

doi:10.3349/ymj.2018.59.3.356

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Khang et al reported that SBP and hypertension substantially decreased among Korean childhood 10‐19 years of age between 1998 and 2008 in the KNHANES, a change that could not be explained by concomitant secular changes in obesity, diet, health behaviors, and sociodemographic factors . In the KNHANES data, the age‐standardized prevalence of hypertension decreased significantly in both sexes in Korean adults . However, our study results were not consistent with US data and previous Korean data.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Secular trends in hypertension and elevated blood pressure among Korean children and adolescents in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007‐2015

Cho

Kim

2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) among US children and adolescents has reportedly declined over the past decade. As no Korean data have been analyzed, we aimed to determine recent trends in BP levels among Korean children and adolescents. This study examines data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey segregated into 3 time periods (2007‐2009, 2010‐2012, and 2013‐2015). A total of 7804 Korean children and adolescents aged 10‐18 years were included in the analysis. Hypertension (≥95th percentile) and elevated BP (>90th percentile) were defined using the sex‐, age‐, and height‐specific BP standards from 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Mean systolic BP from 2007‐2009 to 2013‐2015 increased by 3.9 mm Hg, and there was no significant change in diastolic BP. Body mass index (BMI) z‐scores significantly increased in the total population from 2007‐2009 to 2013‐2015. In 2013‐2015, the prevalence rates of elevated BP and hypertension were 8.8% and 9.0%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension in 2013‐2015 increased in the total population compared with those in 2007‐2009, especially in the obese subgroup, in which the hypertension prevalence was 27.7% in 2013‐2015. The prevalence of elevated BP increased during these time period. Associated factors were sex, age, BMI z‐score, and survey period for elevated BP; and sex, age, and BMI z‐score for hypertension. During our study, mean systolic BP increased, and the prevalence of hypertension in 2013‐2015 increased in the pediatric population. A possible influencing factor is obesity, and further long‐term data are necessary.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Secular trends in hypertension and elevated blood pressure among Korean children and adolescents in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007‐2015

Cho

Kim

2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…On the other hand, the prevalence of hypertension in Korea increased from 19.8% in 1990 to approximately 28% since 1998 [ 39 ]. Similarly, the proportion of hypertension as an underlying cause of ESKD in Korea has increased from less than 10% in 1980s to 16.0% in 1992 and then remained at 16.0% to 21.4% [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current findings of kidney biopsy including nephropathy associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Korea

Kim

Lee

et al. 2020

Korean J Intern Med

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Background/Aims This study aimed to investigate long-term temporal trends and outcomes of biopsy-proven kidney diseases in a multicenter kidney biopsy cohort, focusing on hypertension and diabetes, the leading causes of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Methods The study included a total of 21,426 patients who underwent kidney biopsy from 1979 to 2018 in 18 hospitals in Korea. We selected subgroups of adults with diabetes (n = 2,813) or clinically presumed hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HT-N, n = 2,917). Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data were collected in conjunction with pathologic findings. The prevalence of pathologically confirmed kidney diseases over time and their associations with clinical outcomes were evaluated. Results The prevalence of biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy (DN) has increased significantly from 2.5% to 6.0% in the total cohort in the recent 30 years with an increase in the prevalence of diabetes. Approximately 68% of total diabetic patients had non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD); the proportion was retained since 2000s. DN showed a significantly higher risk of ESKD than NDRD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35 to 1.88). The prevalence of biopsy-proven HT-N remained < 2% in the total cohort for several decades. There was no difference in risks of ESKD between patients with or without biopsy-proven HT-N (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.54 to 1.59). Conclusions In recent decades, the prevalence of diabetes and DN has significantly increased in the kidney biopsy cohort, showing an increased risk of ESKD. Despite the large numbers of patients meeting the clinical criteria of HT-N, most of those were diagnosed with pathologic diagnoses other than HT-N.

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“…The food-frequency questionnaire consisted of the type, amount, and frequency of foods or drinks consumed during the previous day and was conducted via face-to-face interviews. Data on food items were converted to units of nutrients using the Food Composition Table developed by the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (7th revision) and the database of the Korean Health Industry Development Institute for instant foods and imported foods [20].…”

Section: Nutrition Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effect of high sodium intake with increased serum triglycerides on hypertension

2020

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Background A high salt diet is associated with the development of hypertension, one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors. A reduction in sodium intake seems to have an effect on increasing serum triglycerides (TGs). Elevated TGs are independently linked to cardiovascular risk. However, there is limited evidence of a possible interactive effect of sodium intake and serum TGs on high blood pressure (BP). Methods We conducted a nationwide, population-based interaction analysis using the Kawasaki method for estimating 24-h urinary sodium excretion (e24hUNaE Kawasaki) as a candidate indicator of dietary sodium intake. All native Koreans aged 20 years or older without significant medical illness were eligible for inclusion. Results A total of 16936 participants were divided into quintiles according to their e24hUNaE Kawasaki results. Participants in the highest quintile were more obese and hypertensive and had higher white blood cell count, lower hemoglobin, greater glycemic exposure, and poor lipid profiles compared to the same parameters of individuals in other quintiles. Linear regression revealed that e24UNaE Kawasaki was related to systolic BP, diastolic BP, and TGs. Multiple logistic regression, adjusted for dietary sodium intake and various conventional risk factors for chronic vascular diseases, showed that both e24UNaE Kawasaki and TGs were significant predictors of hypertension. Our interaction analysis demonstrated that increased sodium intake was associated with higher risk of hypertension in participants with elevated TGs than in those without (adjusted RERI = 0.022, 95% CI = 0.

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Trends in Blood Pressure and Prevalence of Hypertension in Korean Adults Based on the 1998–2014 KNHANES

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Secular trends in hypertension and elevated blood pressure among Korean children and adolescents in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007‐2015

Secular trends in hypertension and elevated blood pressure among Korean children and adolescents in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007‐2015

Current findings of kidney biopsy including nephropathy associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Korea

Interactive effect of high sodium intake with increased serum triglycerides on hypertension

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