Trends in blood lipids and fat soluble vitamins in Catalonia, Spain (1992–2003)

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the 10-year trend in lipid and antioxidant vitamin levels in the Catalan population from 1992 to 2003. Design: Two cross-sectional surveys were carried out in Catalonia, Spain, during 1992-93 and 2002-03. A subsample of the individuals participating in the surveys agreed to undergo a biochemical evaluation. Subjects: Eight hundred and eighty individuals (393 males and 487 females) in the 1992-93 nutritional survey and 429 individuals (205 males and 224 females) in the 2002-03 nutritional and health survey. The subjects' ages ranged from 18 to 74 years. Results: Mean total cholesterol decreased from 5.3 to 5.1 mmol l 21 (P , 0.005), and the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia decreased, especially in males (from 23% to 10% in males from 50 to 64 years old, P , 0.05). Mean cholesterol high-density lipoprotein (HDL) values decreased in the entire sample (from 1.4 to 1.3 mmol l 21 , P , 0.001) and there was an increase in the percentage of population with low values of HDL (from 10% to 19%, P , 0.001). An increase in the percentage of the population with values of a-tocopherol at marginal risk levels (from 6% to 9%) and with low values of b-carotene (from 59% to 66%) was observed. The mean values for retinol increased in both males (from 1.99 to 2.44 mmmol l 21 , P , 0.001) and females (from 1.69 to 2.29, P , 0.001). Conclusion: Although there was a decrease in the percentage of population with hypercholesterolaemia, the decrease in HDL cholesterol worsened the lipid profile of the Catalan population. The increase in the values of some antioxidant vitamins did not affect the entire population since an increase in the number of individuals with marginal values was observed.

HPLC Assessment and Multivariate Predictability of Serum Retinol and α-Tocopherol Concentrations in Adult Female Subjects

“…There was no significance difference between mean serum retinol and -tocopherol concentration among ov/ob and normal weight female participants in the study reported here. Our results are consistent with those previously described in Italy [49], Greece [47], France [35,45], Spain [35,67] and in USA adult female populations from urbanized areas [17,35]. In contrast to our findings, Viroonudomphol et al [18], Ohrvall et al [68] reported lower serum levels of -tocopherol concentration in Thai and Swedish adult women populations.…”

“…Another explanation for the absence of a correlation may be the fact that serum retinol concentrations are only responsive to vitamin A intake in individuals with inadequate vitamin A status. The final limitations is that the dietary data were collected only once, whereas seasonal variation of dietary intake of vitamin A and E have been reported [35,58,67,70,71]. -tocopherol (Vit.E, μmol/L) and -tocopherol/TChol ratio (E/TChol, μmol/mmol) observed for a sample populations of middle-aged female subjects in five European countries [38], Lebanon [66], USA [59] and Poland (present study).…”

Perceived nutrition benefits and socio-demographic factors affecting consumption of forest foods in eastern and southern Cameroon

“…The level of significance for inclusion of variables in the logistic regression models was set at P<0.05, in order to have findings comparable to similar previous studies (Chen et al, 2003;Serra-Majem et al, 2007;Bojorquez et al, 2015). Associations between the independent and dependent variables were expressed as odds ratios.…”

Long-term temporal trends in cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors

“…Studies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) MONICA project covering the majority of European countries [14][15][16][17][18] and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the USA population [19][20][21][22] have consistently reported trends of increasing bodymass index (BMI). Published results on blood pressure, cholesterol and triglycerides have been more divergent.…”

“…The majority of studies have shown a decreasing trend in blood pressure [14,[21][22], although a few studies have detected increasing trends [17][18]20]. Inconsistent trends have also been observed for cholesterol [15][16][17][18]22] and triglycerides [15,20]. Smoking, not a risk factor for metabolic syndrome but a major one for cardiovascular disease and cancer, has decreased especially in men in all western industrialized countries [15,21].…”