Trends in Automotive Emission Legislation: Impact on LD Engine Development, Fuels, Lubricants and Test Methods: a Global View, with a Focus on WLTP and RDE Regulations

Abstract

This paper summarises the 6th International Exhaust Emissions Symposium (IEES) held in June 2018 and attempts a synthesis of the main arguments of the event in the context of emission control and affiliated considerations relating to the environmental performance of vehicles. Among the drivers influencing vehicular powertrain development, the field of vehicular exhaust emissions is experiencing wide-ranging and rapid changes. New emission regulations such as Euro 6d and new test methods (RDE and WLTP) are the main challenges for the automotive industry caused by political, socioeconomic and technical factors. Air quality is very high on the political agenda, and pressure remains to limit and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the road transport sector. In addition to limits becoming increasingly stringent, the list of parameters subject to legal limits is slowly expanding-and, most importantly, these limits must be met under a wide range of conditions. A range of strategies are available to overcome these difficulties, which was explored during the 6th International Exhaust Emissions Symposium (IEES) hosted at BOSMAL in June 2018. This paper reports and summarises the topics of the 6th IEES and attempts a synthesis on the current status of the field of IC engines, hybrid powertrains and electric vehicles and what the coming years may hold for the automotive and fuel industries and other allied fields.

Trends in Automotive Emission Legislation: Impact on LD Engine Development, Fuels, Lubricants and Test Methods: a Global View, with a Focus on WLTP and RDE Regulations

“…The presentations, abstracts and posters submitted to the 6th IEES are included in conference materials entitled BSymposium Proceedings -Trends in Automotive emissions legislation: Impact on LD engine development, fuels lubricants and test methods -a global view with focus on the WLTP and RDE regulations^, ISBN 978-83-946334-1-7, issued by BOSMAL on CD [6]; a printed Book of Abstracts is also available, ISBN 978-83-946334-2-4 [7]. The Symposium Proceedings are available for download at https://www.bosmal.eu/605-organised_events___symposia.…”

Model Evaluation of the Influence of the Plunger Stroke on Functional Parameters of the Low-Pressure Pulse Gas Solenoid Injector

“…This is compounded by modifications to the combustion process, such as Controlled Auto-Ignition (CAI)/Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) [ 7 , 8 ], High Pressure Direct Injection (HPDI), or Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) [ 9 ], which are partly met by LPG systems using petrol injectors [ 10 ]. Emissions legislation concerning the vehicle homologation process is also a problem [ 11 , 12 ], in which Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) and Real Driving Emissions test (RDE) driving cycles play a dominant role [ 13 ]. A separate issue is the approval regulations for non-road and working machinery engines [ 14 , 15 ], where further restrictions are expected in the near future.…”

Modelling of the Low-Pressure Gas Injector Operation

“…Regardless of the original fuel system (carburettor, direct and indirect injection) or general trends like downsizing (Leduc et al, 2003), the alternative fuel supply must meet the emission requirements at the point of homologation (Ristovski et al, 2005;Mustafa and Gitano-Briggs, 2009). The problem is the successive tightening of emission standards for internal combustion engines used in transport (Bielaczyc and Woodburn, 2018), non-road and working machines (Waluś et al, 2018;Warguła et al, 2020). The tightening of emission standards is accompanied by changes in the organisation of driving tests (Bielaczyc and Woodburn, 2018).…”

“…The problem is the successive tightening of emission standards for internal combustion engines used in transport (Bielaczyc and Woodburn, 2018), non-road and working machines (Waluś et al, 2018;Warguła et al, 2020). The tightening of emission standards is accompanied by changes in the organisation of driving tests (Bielaczyc and Woodburn, 2018). This forces manufacturers to constantly search for new solutions in the structure of the combustion process (Onishi et al, 1979;Jeuland et al, 2004;Mikulski et al, 2018) or the drive sources (Dimitrowa and Marechal, 2015; Grigor`ev et al, 2015; Raslavičius et al, 2017; Simon, 2017).…”