Trends in Atmospheric Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation: Mechanisms and Observations for the Northern Hemisphere

Frederick, John E.

doi:10.1111/php.1990.51.6.757

Cited by 43 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The atmospheric ozone concentration has suffered a constant reduction in the past years, leading to some regions of the planet registering significant increases in the values of UV solar radiation incident at ground level (1–5). UV radiation provokes many biological and chemical processes that are generally detrimental to individual organisms in many different ways (6–9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV Index Experimental Values During the Years 2000 and 2001 from the Spanish Broadband UV-B Radiometric Network¶

Martínez‐Lozano

Marı́n

Tena

et al. 2007

Photochemistry and Photobiology

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An analysis is made of experimental ultraviolet erythemal solar radiation data measured during the years 2000 and 2001 by the Spanish UV‐B radiation evaluation and prediction network. This network consists of 16 Robertson–Berger type pyranometers for evaluating solar erythemal radiation and five Brewer spectroradiometers for evaluating the stratospheric ozone. On the basis of these data the Ultraviolet Index (UVI) was evaluated for the measuring stations that are located either in coastal regions or in the more densely populated regions inland on the Iberian Peninsula. It has been checked that in most cases the maximum irradiance values corresponded to solar noon, although there were exceptions that could be explained by cloudiness. The maximum experimental values of the UVI were around 9 during the summer, though frequently passing this value at the inland measurement stations. The annual accumulated dose of irradiation on a horizontal plane has also been studied, as well as the evolution through the year in units of energy, standard erythemal doses and minimum erythemal doses, according to different phototypes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV Index Experimental Values During the Years 2000 and 2001 from the Spanish Broadband UV-B Radiometric Network¶

Martínez‐Lozano

Marı́n

Tena

et al. 2007

Photochemistry and Photobiology

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“…The atmospheric ozone concentration has suffered a constant reduction in the past years, leading to some regions of the planet registering significant increases in the values of UV solar radiation incident at ground level (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). UV radiation provokes many biological and chemical processes that are generally detrimental to individual organisms in many different ways (6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV Index Experimental Values During the Years 2000 and 2001 from the Spanish Broadband UV-B Radiometric Network¶

Martínez‐Lozano

Marı́n

Tena

et al. 2002

Photochem Photobiol

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An analysis is made of experimental ultraviolet erythemal solar radiation data measured during the years 2000 and 2001 by the Spanish UV-B radiation evaluation and prediction network. This network consists of 16 Robertson-Berger type pyranometers for evaluating solar erythemal radiation and five Brewer spectroradiometers for evaluating the stratospheric ozone. On the basis of these data the Ultraviolet Index (UVI) was evaluated for the measuring stations that are located either in coastal regions or in the more densely populated regions inland on the Iberian Peninsula. It has been checked that in most cases the maximum irradiance values corresponded to solar noon, although there were exceptions that could be explained by cloudiness. The maximum experimental values of the UVI were around 9 during the summer, though frequently passing this value at the inland measurement stations. The annual accumulated dose of irradiation on a horizontal plane has also been studied, as well as the evolution through the year in units of energy, standard erythemal doses and minimum erythemal doses, according to different phototypes.

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“…Decreased levels of ozone in the stratosphere from organochlorine contamination are resulting in higher levels of UV-B radiation reaching the surface of the earth (Frederick, 1990;Frederick et al, 1991;Kerr and McElroy, 1993). Within the UV-B spectral region, the relative enhancement in irradiance resulting from ozone depletion is disproportionately greater at shorter wavelengths (Caldwell et al, 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Photomodification of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Holoenzyme by Ultraviolet-B Radiation (Formation of a 66-Kilodalton Variant of the Large Subunit)

et al. 1995

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lncreased levels of solar ultraviolet (290-320 nm) (UV-B) radiation could have profound effects on plant proteins because the aromatic amino acids in proteins absorb strongly i n this spectral region. We have investigated the effects of UV-B radiation on plant proteins and have observed a nove1 66-kD protein. This product was formed i n vivo when Brassica napus 1. plants grown for 21 d in 65 pmol m-* s-' photosynthetically active radiation were subsequently exposed to 65 pmol m-' s-' photosynthetically active radiation plus UV-B radiation (1.5 pmol m-' s-'). l h e protein appeared after 4 h of UV-B irradiation and accumulated during the next 16 h in UV-B. The 66-kD protein cross-reacted with an antiserum against the ribulose-1,s-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) holoenzyme. Analysis of soluble leaf proteins revealed that the 66-kD product had a number of isoforms corresponding closely to those of the large subunit of Rubisco (LSU). Partia1 proteolytic digests of the LSU and the 66-kD protein resulted in an equivalent pattern of protein fragments, leading to the conclusion that the 66-kD protein was a photomodified form of the LSU. A similar high molecular m a s variant of Rubisco was observed in soluble protein extracts from leaves of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants treated in vivo with UV-B, suggesting that it might be a common product, at least among C, plants. It is interesting that the 66-kD product appears to be generated after incorporation of the LSU into holoenzyme complexes. This conclusion was drawn from two lines of evidence. First, the LSU variant co-purified with holoenzyme complexes isolated by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Second, a UV-B-specific 66-kD protein did not accumulate in a tobacco mutant that synthesizes the Rubisco subunits but does not assemble them into normal holoenzyme complexes.

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Trends in Atmospheric Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation: Mechanisms and Observations for the Northern Hemisphere

Cited by 43 publications

References 33 publications

UV Index Experimental Values During the Years 2000 and 2001 from the Spanish Broadband UV-B Radiometric Network¶

UV Index Experimental Values During the Years 2000 and 2001 from the Spanish Broadband UV-B Radiometric Network¶

UV Index Experimental Values During the Years 2000 and 2001 from the Spanish Broadband UV-B Radiometric Network¶

In Vivo Photomodification of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Holoenzyme by Ultraviolet-B Radiation (Formation of a 66-Kilodalton Variant of the Large Subunit)

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