Trend in young coronary artery disease in China from 2010 to 2014: a retrospective study of young patients ≤ 45

Abstract

BackgroundThe incidence of young coronary heart disease (CHD, ≤45 years) in China is increasing. Secondary prevention to counter this trend is an important contemporary public health issure.MethodsA total of 5288 patients (≤45 years) diagnosed with CHD and hospitalized at the Chinese PLA General Hospital and Anzhen Hospital, both in Beijing, were enrolled after satisfying the inclusion criteria.ResultsYoung CHD patients increased in number from 2010 to 2014, especially men. Among the studied patients, there was no significant change over those years in blood pressure, but heart rate increased significantly (P < 0.05) and body mass index showed a rising trend (P > 0.05). The incidence of hypertension increased from 40.7 to 47.5%, diabetes from 20.3 to 26.1%, and hyperlipidemia from 27.3 to 35.7% (P < 0.05). However, the incidences of smoking and drinking both trended downward (P < 0.05). The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides also showed a downward trend (P < 0.05), as did levels of low-density lipoprotein, but not to the point of statistical significance (P > 0.05). Mortality during hospitalization decreased significantly from 2010 to 2014 (P < 0.05), but there was no significant improvement in the incidences of cardiac death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after 1-year follow-up (P > 0.05).ConclusionsOver the 5 years studied, the overall incidence of cardiac death and MACE for young CHD patients (≤45 years) has shown little improvement. Secondary prevention of young CHD, and its risk factors, as well as appropriate courses of medical treatment must be further elucidated.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12872-016-0458-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Coronary plaque tissue characterization in patients with premature coronary artery disease

“…The patients were grouped into the premature CAD group and later CAD groups according to their age at diagnosis. Premature CAD was defined as patients aged less than 55 years in men and less than 65 years in women [5]. The older patients were defined as the later CAD group.…”

“…However, the definition of premature CAD is difficult because of the variation in risk factors in different populations [4]. Chinese studies use the definition of men with onset age < 55 years, and women with onset age < 65 years [5]. The risk of developing CAD at a younger age appears to occur more often in Asian populations and particularly in South Asians [6], and is related to the established risk factors including thrombotic (smoking, low fruit/vegetable intake, fibrinogen, homocysteine) and atherosclerotic (hypertension, high fat diet, dyslipidemia) factors in combination with a genetic basis [7].…”

“…The risk of developing CAD at a younger age appears to occur more often in Asian populations and particularly in South Asians [6], and is related to the established risk factors including thrombotic (smoking, low fruit/vegetable intake, fibrinogen, homocysteine) and atherosclerotic (hypertension, high fat diet, dyslipidemia) factors in combination with a genetic basis [7]. In China, despite understanding risk factors, the incidence of young CHD, in people ≤ 45 years, is increasing [5].…”

The Characteristics of Risk Factors in Chinese Young Women with Acute Coronary Syndrome

“…The diagnostic criteria of ACS meet the requirements described in American College of Cardiology /American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation and ST-segment elevation ACS [5][6][7][8] . The patients with ACS were at least one coronary artery stenosis of 75% or more in vessel diameter, or complete occlusion of infarction relative artery (IRA) confirmed by coronary angiography.…”

“…The risk factors of CHD in young women under 44 years old have different characteristics [5] . The characteristics of risk factors in Chinese young women with ACS were reported in the article.…”