ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to investigate the incidence of HIV and syphilis and their related factors, as well as to examine the predictors associated with seroconversion among migrant men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beijing, China.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingBeijing, China.Participants511 HIV-negative migrant MSM.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSociodemographic and behavioural information of participants, HIV and syphilis incidence rates, and factors associated with HIV/syphilis seroconversion and cohort retention.ResultsOf the 511 participants, 60.3% (308) and 52.4% (273) were retained at the 4- and 8-month follow-up visits, respectively. The HIV and syphilis incidence rates were 7.83 (95% CI 4.48 to 12.72) and 11.11 (95% CI 6.47 to 17.80) per 100 person-years, respectively. HIV seroconversion was significantly associated with ‘had first anal intercourse at age 15 or younger’ (adjusted HR (aHR) 9.20, 95% CI 1.94 to 43.56) and ‘ever had group sex’ (aHR 4.30, 95% CI 1.40 to 13.18). Bisexual orientation (aHR 5.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 25.57) was significantly associated with syphilis seroconversion. Predictors associated with both 4- and 8-month retention rates included age ≥25 years old and living in Beijing for more than 1 year.ConclusionsThe high incidence of HIV and syphilis among migrant MSM is a cause for concern. A comprehensive strategy should be implemented to maintain a higher retention rate among migrant MSM.

Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) studies rarely involve coronary plaque characterization. We characterize coronary plaque tissue by radiofrequency intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in patients with premature CAD. From July 2015 to December 2017, 220 patients from the Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine with first occurrence of angina or myocardial infarction within 3 months were enrolled. Patients with premature CAD (n = 47, males aged < 55 years, and females aged < 65 years) or later CAD (n = 155) were retrospectively compared for cardiovascular risk factors, laboratory examination findings, coronary angiography data, gray-scale IVUS, and iMap-IVUS. The mean age was 53.53 ± 7.24 vs. 70.48 ± 8.74 years (p < 0.001). The groups were similar for traditional coronary risk factors except homocysteine (18.60 ± 5.15 vs. 17.08 ± 4.27 µmol/L, p = 0.043). After matching for baseline characteristics, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) was higher for premature CAD than later CAD (2.50 ± 0.96 vs. 2.17 ± 0.80 mmol/L, p = 0.019). Before the matching procedure, the premature CAD group had shorter target lesion length [18.50 (12.60-32.00) vs. 27.90 (18.70-37.40) mm, p = 0.002], less plaque volume [175.59 (96.60-240.50) vs. 214.73 (139.74-330.00) mm 3 , p = 0.013] than the later CAD group. After the matching procedure, the premature CAD group appeared to be less plaque burden (72.69 ± 9.99 vs. 74.85 ± 9.80%, p = 0.005), and positive remodeling (1.03 ± 0.12 vs. 0.94 ± 0.18, p = 0.034), and lower high risk feature incidence (p = 0.006) than the later CAD group. At the plaque's minimum lumen, premature CAD had more fibrotic (p < 0.001), less necrotic (p = 0.001) and less calcified areas (p = 0.012). Coronary plaque tissue was more fibrotic with less necrotic and calcified components in premature than in later CAD, and the range and degree of atherosclerosis were significantly lower.

Background and Purpose: Neuroinflammation contributes significantly to the progress of ischemic stroke. Recent research suggests that food restriction could reduce inflammatory responses under some pathological conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that food restriction attenuates both grey matter and white matter damage after cerebral ischemia. Methods: Adult male C57BL/6 mice were fed ad libitum (AL) or fed with restricted food (RF; 30% reduction) for 28 days, and then subjected to MCAO or sham operation. Neuronal tissue atrophy and white matter injury were assessed by quantifying the expression of microtubule-associated protein (MAP2) and myelin basic protein (MBP), respectively. Cerebral inflammation was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of astrocyte and microglia in the ischemic brain. The expression of M1 and M2 markers were further examined to characterize phenotypic changes in brain microglia. Results: RF promotes functional recovery up to 28 days after stroke, as revealed by marketly improved performance in food fault test, cylinder test and Morris water maze test. RF mice exhibited significantly reduced neuronal tissue loss (AL, 19.43±2.40mm3; RF, 10.60±1.74mm3; P < 0.05;n=6/group) and white matter injury (Al,, 0.36±0.08; RF, 0.97±0.07; P < 0.05;n=5/group) as compared to AL mice at 28 days after ischemia. Meanwhile, we observed suppressed astrocyte (LF, 3.22±0.26mm2; RF, 2.30±0.19mm2; P < 0.05;n=5/group) and microglia (P < 0.05;n=5/group) activation in RF mice. Furthermore, food restriction increased the percentage of M2 phenotype and reduced the percentage of M1 phenotype in activated microglia (P < 0.05;n=5/group). Conclusions: Taken together, food restriction can promote functional recovery. These protective effects might be partially attributed to the effect of food restriction in alleviating neuroinflammation and directing beneficial microglial response after stroke. Our study suggests that food restriction is an effective non-pharmacological approach to promote long-term post-stroke recovery.