Trend analysis of the 20-year time series of stratospheric ozone profiles observed by the GROMOS microwave  radiometer at Bern

Moreira, Lorena; Hocke, Klemens; Eckert, E.; Clarmann, T. von; Kämpfer, Niklaus

doi:10.5194/acp-15-10999-2015

Cited by 25 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Between 20 and 52 km (50 to 0.5 hPa), the measurement response is higher than 0.8. For more details on version 2021, we refer to Moreira et al (2015). Comparing the measurement response and the vertical resolution obtained by version 2021 and by version 150, we can conclude that there is an improvement in the results retrieved by version 150.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Comparison of ozone profiles and influences from the tertiary ozone maximum in the night-to-day ratio above Switzerland

2017

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Abstract. Stratospheric and middle-mesospheric ozone profiles above Bern, Switzerland (46.95 • N, 7.44 • E; 577 m) have been continually measured by the GROMOS (GROundbased Millimeter-wave Ozone Spectrometer) microwave radiometer since 1994. GROMOS is part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). A new version of the ozone profile retrievals has been developed with the aim of improving the altitude range of retrieval profiles. GROMOS profiles from this new retrieval version have been compared to coincident ozone profiles obtained by the satellite limb sounder Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The study covers the stratosphere and middle mesosphere from 50 to 0.05 hPa (from 21 to 70 km) and extends over the period from July 2009 to November 2016, which results in more than 2800 coincident profiles available for the comparison. On average, GROMOS and MLS comparisons show agreement generally over 20 % in the lower stratosphere and within 2 % in the middle and upper stratosphere for both daytime and nighttime, whereas in the mesosphere the mean relative difference is below 40 % during the daytime and below 15 % during the nighttime. In addition, we have observed the annual variation in nighttime ozone in the middle mesosphere, at 0.05 hPa (70 km), characterized by the enhancement of ozone during wintertime for both ground-based and space-based measurements. This behaviour is related to the middle-mesospheric maximum in ozone (MMM).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…For technical details and measurement principles of the instrument, see, for example, Moreira et al (2015) and Peter (1997) and references included therein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of ozone profiles and influences from the tertiary ozone maximum in the night-to-day ratio above Switzerland

2017

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“…In the 1970s, the satellite epoch began providing global coverage of the total ozone column (e.g., Labow et al, 2013). In the 1990s, the active lidar and the passive microwave were developed with an improved time resolution and an extended altitude range up to the mesosphere (Beekman et al, 1994;Calisesi et al, 2003;Moreira et al, 2015). Today, the full suite of ground-based, balloon-borne, and satellite instruments provides significant spatiotemporal coverage of global ozone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to homogenize electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturer

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Ozone plays a significant role in the chemical and radiative state of the atmosphere. For this reason there are many instruments used to measure ozone from the ground, from space, and from balloons. Balloon-borne electrochemical cell ozonesondes provide some of the best measurements of the ozone profile up to the mid-stratosphere, providing high vertical resolution, high precision, and a wide geographic distribution. From the mid-1990s to the late 2000s the consistency of long-term records from balloon-borne ozonesondes has been compromised by differences in manufacturers, Science Pump (SP) and ENSCI (EN), and differences in recommended sensor solution concentrations, 1.0 % potassium iodide (KI) and the one-half dilution: 0.5 %. To investigate these differences, a number of organizations have independently undertaken comparisons of the various ozonesonde types and solution concentrations, resulting in 197 ozonesonde comparison profiles. The goal of this study is to derive transfer functions to allow measurements outside of standard recommendations, for sensor composition and ozonesonde type, to be converted to a standard measurement and thus homogenize the data to the expected accuracy of 5 % (10 %) in the stratosphere (troposphere). Subsets of these data have been analyzed previously and intermediate transfer functions derived. Here all the comparison data are analyzed to compare (1) differences in sensor solution composition for a single ozonesonde type, (2) differences in ozonesonde type for a single sensor solution composition, and (3) the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) and manufacturers' recommendations of 1.0 % KI solution for Science Pump and 0.5 % KI for ENSCI. From the recommendations it is clear that ENSCI ozonesondes and 1.0 % KI solution result in higher amounts of ozone sensed. The results indicate that differences in solution composition and in ozonesonde type display little pressure dependence at pressures ≥ 30 hPa, and thus the transfer function can be characterized as a simple ratio of the less sensitive to the more sensitive method. This ratio is 0.96 for both solution concentration and ozonesonde type. The ratios differ at pressures < 30 hPa such that OZ 0.5% /OZ 1.0 % = 0.90 + 0.041 · log 10 (p) and OZ SciencePump /OZ ENSCI = 0.764 + 0.133 · log 10 (p) for p in units of hPa. For the manufacturer-recommended solution concentrations the dispersion of the ratio (SP-1.0 / EN-0.5 %), while significant, is generally within 3 % and centered near 1.0, such that no changes are recommended. For stations which have used multiple ozonesonde types with solution concentrations different from the WMO's and manufacturer's recommendations, this work suggests that a reasonably homogeneous data set can be created if the quantiPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 2022T. Deshler et al.: Methods to homogenize ECC ozonesonde measurements tative relationships specified above are applied to the nonstandard measurements. This result is illustrated here ...

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“…Long-term ground-based measurements allow the empirical characterisation of natural cycles in stratospheric ozone as a function of altitude. In Moreira et al (2015) we applied the multilinear parametric trend model (von Clarmann et al, 2010) to derive the long-term trend in stratospheric ozone above Bern. Here, we optimise this method to determine the basic natural oscillations in stratospheric ozone over the past 18 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural oscillations in stratospheric ozone observed by the GROMOS microwave radiometer at the NDACC station Bern

et al. 2016

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Abstract. A multilinear parametric regression analysis was performed to assess the seasonal and interannual variations of stratospheric ozone profiles from the GROMOS (GROund-based Millimeter-wave Ozone Spectrometer) microwave radiometer at Bern, Switzerland (46.95 • N, 7.44 • E; 577 m). GROMOS takes part in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The study covers the stratosphere from 50 to 0.5 hPa (from 21 to 53 km) and extends over the period from January 1997 to January 2015. The natural variability was fitted during the regression analysis through the annual and semi-annual oscillations (AO, SAO), the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the solar activity cycle. Seasonal ozone variations mainly appear as an annual cycle in the middle and upper stratosphere and a semiannual cycle in the upper stratosphere. Regarding the interannual variations, they are primarily present in the lower and middle stratosphere. In the lower and middle stratosphere, ozone variations are controlled predominantly by transport processes, due to the long lifetime of ozone, whereas in the upper stratosphere its lifetime is relatively short and ozone is controlled mainly by photochemistry. The present study shows agreement in the observed naturally induced ozone signatures with other studies. Further, we present an overview of the possible causes of the effects observed in stratospheric ozone due to natural oscillations at a northern midlatitude station. For instance regarding the SAO, we find that polar winter stratopause warmings contribute to the strength of this oscillation since these temperature enhancements lead to a reduction in upper stratospheric ozone. We have detected a strong peak amplitude of about 5 % for the solar cycle in lower stratospheric ozone for our 1.5 cycles of solar activity. Though the 11-year ozone oscillation above Bern is in phase with the solar cycle, we suppose that the strong amplitude is partly due to meteorological disturbances and associated ozone anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere. Further, our observational study gave the result that ozone above Bern is anti-correlated with the ENSO phenomenon in the lower stratosphere and correlated in the middle stratosphere.

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Trend analysis of the 20-year time series of stratospheric ozone profiles observed by the GROMOS microwave radiometer at Bern

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Comparison of ozone profiles and influences from the tertiary ozone maximum in the night-to-day ratio above Switzerland

Comparison of ozone profiles and influences from the tertiary ozone maximum in the night-to-day ratio above Switzerland

Methods to homogenize electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurements across changes in sensing solution concentration or ozonesonde manufacturer

The natural oscillations in stratospheric ozone observed by the GROMOS microwave radiometer at the NDACC station Bern

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