Trend analysis and survival of primary gallbladder cancer in the United States: a 1973–2009 population‐based study

Abstract

Primary gallbladder cancer is an aggressive and uncommon cancer with poor outcomes. Our study examines epidemiology, trend, and survival of gallbladder cancer in the United States from 1973 to 2009. We utilized the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database (SEER). Frequency and rate analyses on demographics, stage, and survival were compared among non‐Hispanic whites, Hispanics, African American, and Asian/Pacific Islanders. A total of 18,124 cases were reported in SEER from 1973 to 2009 comprising 1.4% of all reported gastrointestinal cancers. Gallbladder cancer was more common in females than males (71 vs. 29%, respectively). The age‐adjusted incidence rate was 1.4 per 100,000, significantly higher in females than males (1.7 vs. 1.0). Trend analysis showed that the incidence rate has been decreasing over the last three decades for males. However, among females, the incidence rate had decreased from 1973 to mid‐90s but has remained stable since then. Trend analysis for stage at diagnosis showed that the proportion of late‐stage cases has been increasing significantly since 2001 after a decreasing pattern since 1973. Survival has improved considerably over time, and survival is better in females than males and in Asian/Pacific Islanders than other racial groups. The highest survival was in patients who received both surgery and radiation. Trend analysis revealed a recent increase of the incidence of late‐stage gallbladder cancer. Highest survival was associated with receiving both surgery and radiation.

Biliary tract cancer incidence and trends in the United States by demographic group, 1999‐2013

“…In agreement with prior studies, we found that GBC incidence rates were highest among women, Hispanics, and older age groups . These differences between demographic groups in GBC incidence rates may be explained by variations in risk factor prevalence by sex and race/ethnicity.…”

Regional differences in gallbladder cancer pathogenesis: Insights from a multi‐institutional comparison of tumor mutations

“…GBCA is the most common biliary tract malignancy worldwide, and is associated with poor OS . The global incidence of GBCA varies strikingly, and there is support for a geographic influence on pathogenesis.…”

“…First, the small sample size, although large in comparison with other published studies of this type, limits the power to make definitive conclusions. The low incidence of GBCA restricts the number of patients who can be enrolled in these studies . Second, the retrospective nature of the current study introduces inherent limitations, such as selection biases and heterogeneous samples.…”

“…Gallbladder cancer (GBCA) is the most common biliary tract malignancy and often is rapidly fatal . Marked differences in global incidence have been noted, with the highest incidence observed in South America .…”

Brain Metastasis in Carcinoma Gallbladder – A Rare Case Report

“…[1] Analysis from SEER data from 1973 to 2009 showed that out of total cases diagnosed, the proportion of cases that are diagnosed as distant disease (Vs regional and localized disease) is increasing over time. [2] Brain metastasis in carcinoma gallbladder is extremely rare and only 8-10 cases are reported in English literature.…”