Trees, tensions, and transactional communities: Problematizing frameworks for energy poverty alleviation in the Rhino Camp refugee settlement, Uganda

Miller, Rachel Leigh-Ann; Ulfstjerne, Michael Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.erss.2019.101404

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Given a variety of logistical and political challenges [14] and a persistent humanitarian-development divide [17,18], major refugee hosting countries rarely comment on SDG outcomes for refugees or describe refugees as meriting specific attention [15], and sub-national information on refugee housing, energy, education, transportation, water, and medical care, for example, are rarely provided [14]. There has also been little academic scholarship on monitoring SDG progress in refugee settlements (with exceptions, [19,20]) and most attention has gone toward SDG 7 (Clean and Affordable Energy), e.g., References [21][22][23]. Compounding the lack of visibility of refugee data for SDG assessments, the only mention of refugees in the long list of SDG indicators comes with SDG 10.7.4, as "Proportion of the population who are refugees, by country of origin", which refers to the refugee country of origin rather than asylum and gives no insight into the development conditions experienced by refugees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development after Displacement: Evaluating the Utility of OpenStreetMap Data for Monitoring Sustainable Development Goal Progress in Refugee Settlements

Hoek

Friedrich

Ballasiotes

et al. 2021

IJGI

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In 2015, 193 countries declared their commitment to “leave no one behind” in pursuit of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the world’s refugees have been routinely excluded from national censuses and representative surveys, and, as a result, have broadly been overlooked in SDG evaluations. In this study, we examine the potential of OpenStreetMap (OSM) data for monitoring SDG progress in refugee settlements. We collected all available OSM data in 28 refugee and 26 nearby non-refugee settlements in the major refugee-hosting country of Uganda. We created a novel SDG-OSM data model, measured the spatial and temporal coverages of SDG-relevant OSM data across refugee settlements, and compared these results to non-refugee settlements. We found 11 different SDGs represented across 92% (21,950) of OSM data in refugee settlements, compared to 78% (1919 nodes) in non-refugee settlements. However, most data were created three years after refugee arrival, and 81% of OSM data in refugee settlements were never edited, both of which limit the potential for long-term monitoring of SDG progress. In light of our findings, we offer suggestions for improving OSM-driven SDG monitoring in refugee settlements that have relevance for development and humanitarian practitioners and research communities alike.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development after Displacement: Evaluating the Utility of OpenStreetMap Data for Monitoring Sustainable Development Goal Progress in Refugee Settlements

Hoek

Friedrich

Ballasiotes

et al. 2021

IJGI

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“…Miller and Ulfstjerne [55] explore why energy interventions often fail to obtain the expected outcomes using Rhino Camp as a case study. It presented many fundamental problems in current interventions.…”

Section: Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability in Refugee Camps: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Wardeh

Marques

2021

Sustainability

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Many studies have stated the results of interventions presented in refugee camps to improve the quality of refugees’ lives and reduce their suffering. However, there has been no formal systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the evidence of the relative effectiveness of these interventions along with sustainability and the current 2030 Agenda. We developed a comprehensive search strategy designed to identify all peer-reviewed articles that presented interventions related to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in a refugee camp setting. We examined only articles with a specific focus on development goals. We screened the titles and, where necessary, the abstracts of 1108 publications. Seventy-two studies were judged to contain relevant evidence and were reviewed in detail. Data were extracted from these studies and pooled by meta-analysis to provide summary estimates of the effectiveness of existing procedures. Health and education sectors were the most frequently discussed SDGs. Results and recommendations from included studies were categorized into seven sectors: planning, development, and shelters; health and well-being; education; water and sanitation; energy; work and economic growth; and others. In order to improve the quality of life of refugees and internally displaced persons living in camps, more research that addresses both SDGs and camp planning and management is needed. This study is the first review found in the literature to report on sustainability in refugee camps.

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“…This pandemic shall exacerbate the brunt of the refugees the more as it parallels the existing protracted crisis characterized with their ever increasing populations which even at a bare minimum fail to adhere to the guidelines and protocols spelt out by the World Health Organization (WHO) for reduced virus spread. Therefore, in line with achieving the global commitment of leaving no one behind, it is imperative to specifically address the domestic energy needs of the displaced with regards to cooking and lighting predominated by scarce fuel wood and charcoal [20]. The existential threat of COVID-19 continues to far outweigh other diseases outbreaks like cholera and diarrhoea brought about by improper sanitation in these camps [21].…”

Section: Covid-19 Impact and The Refugee Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predominant source of energy in Ugandan displacement camps is fire wood (97%) which is increasingly becoming both a scarce and an expensive resource [18]. In effect, the refugees are compelled to sell part of their reduced and dwindling food rations which is against the World Food Program's protocols in effort to raise money and buy firewood from the local markets that are strictly run by the host communities [20]. The practice of continued firewood usage with the three stone open fires for cooking is characterized categorically by in-and out-door air pollution which predisposes these communities to respiratory infections and health-related problems reported to be among the leading cause of illness and death in the refugee settlements [18,21].…”

Section: Energy Constraints Insecurity and Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-COVID-19 Sustainable Waste-to-Energy Solutions for Uganda’s Displacement Camps: A Review

Mugagga¹,

Chamdimba²

2021

IJSGE

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The launching of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 has continually advanced the sustainability paradigm across all corners of the globe. While this has led to the fruition of inherent country policies and plans for Uganda, the country is still trailing below the desired rate of attaining SDGs by 2030. The commencement of this decade of action and the proliferating intensity of the current unprecedented health crisis have thus called for heightened emphasis on inclusive sustainable development for the most disproportionately disadvantaged populations of which refugees form part. The pandemic has forced key stakeholders to shift their focus by re-allocating their scarce resources from disadvantaged communities such as refugee camps, thereby exposing them to severe and unacceptable vulnerability. Coupled to this COVID-19 pandemic is the prevalent energy crisis in displacement camps which shall have far-reaching disruptions. Increased energy access in refugee settlements shall help advance the modest progress made so far. This paper therefore highlights the most promising Waste-to-Energy (WtE) options for displacement camps in the Ugandan context which are evaluated based on a Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) matrix upon which deductions of anaerobic digestion and briquettes respectively serve as the best ranked options respectively for more inclusive social economic development in these settings.

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Trees, tensions, and transactional communities: Problematizing frameworks for energy poverty alleviation in the Rhino Camp refugee settlement, Uganda

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Development after Displacement: Evaluating the Utility of OpenStreetMap Data for Monitoring Sustainable Development Goal Progress in Refugee Settlements

Development after Displacement: Evaluating the Utility of OpenStreetMap Data for Monitoring Sustainable Development Goal Progress in Refugee Settlements

Sustainability in Refugee Camps: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Post-COVID-19 Sustainable Waste-to-Energy Solutions for Uganda’s Displacement Camps: A Review

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