Tree morphology responds to neighbourhood competition and slope in species-rich forests of subtropical China

Lang, Anne; Härdtle, Werner; Bruelheide, Helge; Geißler, Christian; Nadrowski, Karin; Schuldt, Andreas; Yu, Mingjian; Oheimb, Goddert von

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.015

Cited by 105 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Steeper slopes may be shallower, and therefore may limit rooting space in one dimension. Slope inclination has been shown to affect the stature of a tree in terms of stem inclination and crown asymmetry (Umeki 1995, Lang et al 2010). Contrary to our third and fourth hypothesis, however, topography had no effect on BAI in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each target tree together with its neighbors formed a target group. For a more detailed description we refer to Lang et al (2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in structurally complex forest stands with a heterogeneous mixture of species, tree growth is strongly affected by intrinsic properties of individual trees and their local neighborhood (Canham et al 2004, D'Amato & Puettmann 2004, Zhao et al 2004). Accordingly, individualtree approaches are much more appropriate than stand-based approaches for growth analyses, and individual-tree growth should be analyzed as a function of tree size, tree vitality, genotype, local neighborhood interactions, and local abiotic site conditions (Pretzsch 2009, Lang et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local neighborhood competition following an extraordinary snow break event: implications for tree-individual growth

Lang¹,

Bruelheide²,

Oheimb³

2014

iForest

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Sustainable forest management practices and the increased interest of plantation forestry in species mixtures require an understanding of individual-tree growth in complex and diverse forests. Individual-tree growth has been found to be affected by factors such as species identity and size of the target tree as well as of neighboring trees, neighbor density and abiotic factors. However, most of these studies have been conducted in plantations or mixed forests with a very limited number of species. We conducted our study in a subtropical forest in China, which was very species rich and highly heterogeneous with regard to topography (slope inclination and aspect, elevation) and successional status. Prior to our study the forest was subjected to an exceptional snow break event. We asked whether individual-tree basal area increment (BAI) over three growing seasons following the snow break event was related to local biotic and abiotic conditions. We hypothesized that individual-tree BAI is negatively affected by local neighborhood competition, positively affected by local neighborhood diversity, negatively related to slope inclination, and positively related to aspect to south. Individual-tree BAI of four different species was mainly affected by tree size, local neighborhood competition and species identity. Contrary to our expectations, we did not observe significant effects of local neighborhood functional diversity and abiotic conditions. However, we did find a negative effect of plot functional diversity on BAI. This finding may be explained by a negative correlation of plot functional diversity and snow break damage, which was observed in mid- and late-successional stages. The disturbance event did considerably change the competitive local neighborhood interactions by reducing competition, which increased the BAI of target trees in more disturbed/more diverse plots

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each target tree together with its neighbors formed a target group. For a more detailed description we refer to Lang et al (2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local neighborhood competition following an extraordinary snow break event: implications for tree-individual growth

Lang¹,

Bruelheide²,

Oheimb³

2014

iForest

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“…Beech trees are even able to change their architecture in order to increase the light interception and to decrease energy expenditure on respiration while the maximum potential growth space in the stand is utilized (Messier et al 1999;. The phenotype plasticity of beech is caused not only by biotic interactions between neighbouring trees (Vincent, Harja 2007) but also it can be affected by genotype (Gömöry et al 1998;Schröter et al 2012) or by abiotic conditions (Lang et al 2010). On the other hand, greater shading causes plagiotropic growth (Nicolini 2000) and various stem defects (Wagner et al 2010), while the crown asymmetry decreases the static stability of trees (Young, Perkocha 1994;Bottero et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial pattern of relict beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in the Sudetes of the Czech Republic and Poland

Bulušek¹,

Vacek²,

Vacek³

et al. 2016

J. For. Sci.

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Horizontal structure of forest stands largely affects the competitive relationships between tree individuals and plays a significant role in the stand dynamics. The present study describes horizontal structure on nine permanent research plots (0.24-0.25 ha) in the regeneration and tree layer of autochthonous European beech (Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus) stands in the wide altitudinal gradient in protected areas in the Czech Republic and Poland. The spatial structure was classified in productive herb-rich beech sites, through acidophilic beech sites, exposed sites, to beech fragments near the timberline. The spatial pattern of tree layer was regular in the lowest parts of the altitudinal gradient of beech, random in the middle parts and aggregated in the beech forests under the hilltop phenomenon and extreme edaphic site. Nevertheless, trees in lower tree layers showed a tendency to the aggregated pattern, similarly like the strong aggregation of natural regeneration. In most cases, the parent stand had a significant negative effect on natural regeneration at a smaller distance (to 0.8-4.2 m). The spatial pattern of dead wood was mostly random. Because of the great plasticity of beech crowns, crown centroids were more regularly distributed than tree stems. The average displacement of crown centroids from the stem base was 1.5 m with the prevailing direction of 52.7% down the slope. Projected canopy cover was on average 10.7% higher compared to the canopy simulated by circular crowns.

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“…Para eso, los árboles necesitan mayor extensión de la copa y, por consiguiente, necesidad de espacio para su expansión y de recursos bióticos y abióticos (Lang et al 2010) para su desarrollo. Además, con sus cambios estructurales (cambios en la forma con el tiempo, ingreso de nuevos individuos, sucesión forestal) se puede planificar la necesidad de las futuras intervenciones silvícolas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Estructura y crecimiento de los bosques de Araucaria angustifolia en el sur de Brasil

Costa

Hess

Finger³

2017

Bosque (Valdivia)

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SUMMARYThe growth of individual trees can be simulated by multiplying a function that describes the potential by another modifier, the "modifying-potential". Modeling of the potential function for trees growing without competition determines the limit of optimum growth to species, while a modifying function sets the decrease component taking in consideration the influence of environmental factors. Thus, the aim of the study was to adjust the modifier function to describe the periodic increment in the basal area of Araucaria angustifolia trees in sites with Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil. For this, we sampled 397 individual trees. Dendrometric and morphometric variables, competition indices and increment in diameter with the chronology of widths of the growth ring were measured. Periodic increment in basal area was described by a logarithmic function that explained 57 % of variance and correlated with the diameter at the beginning of the period, height, variable of crown size and competition indices. Results indicate that the modifier function can be used accurately to explain changes in growth and spatial and temporal structure of the species in the Araucaria Forest.Key words: Parana pine, predicting growth, reductive function, forest management. RESUMENEl crecimiento de los árboles individuales se puede simular multiplicando una función que describe su potencial por otra modificadora "potencial-modificadora". El modelado de la función potencial para árboles creciendo sin competencia determina el límite de crecimiento óptimo para una especie, mientras que la función modificadora establece el componente de descenso teniendo en cuenta la influencia de factores ambientales. Así, el objetivo del estudio fue ajustar la función modificadora para describir el incremento periódico en el área basal de árboles de Araucaria angustifolia en sitios de bosques con araucaria en el sur de Brasil. Para eso, se tomaron muestras de 397 árboles individuales y se midieron sus variables dendrométricas, morfométricas, sus índices de competencia y su incremento en diámetro con la cronología de los anchos de anillos de crecimiento. El incremento periódico en el área basal fue descripto por una función logarítmica que explicó el 57 % de la varianza y se correlaciona con el diámetro al inicio del periodo, altura, variable de dimensión de la copa y el índice de la competencia. Los resultados indican que se puede utilizar la función modificadora con precisión para explicar los cambios en el crecimiento, en la estructura espacial y temporal de la especie en el bosque de araucaria.Palabras clave: pino brasileño, predicción del crecimiento, función reductora, manejo forestal. INTRODUCCIÓNAraucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (araucaria) es un árbol del bosque de araucaria en América del Sur. La araucaria es una especie pionera, intolerante a la sombra y domina el estrato superior del dosel. Originalmente los bosques de araucarias ocuparon 177.600 km² en Brasil y en Argentina 2.100 km² (Giraudo et al. 2003) en un intervalo que incluye la...

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Tree morphology responds to neighbourhood competition and slope in species-rich forests of subtropical China

Cited by 105 publications

References 54 publications

Local neighborhood competition following an extraordinary snow break event: implications for tree-individual growth

Local neighborhood competition following an extraordinary snow break event: implications for tree-individual growth

Spatial pattern of relict beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests in the Sudetes of the Czech Republic and Poland

Estructura y crecimiento de los bosques de Araucaria angustifolia en el sur de Brasil

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