Treatment outcome of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: retrospective-prospective cohort study from 2004 to 2007

Anderson, Laura; Tamne, Surinder; Watson, John; Cohen, Ted; Mitnick, Carole D.; Brown, Timothy J.; Drobniewski, Francis; Abubakar, Ibrahim

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.40.20601

Cited by 72 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These may trigger bacteria to enter a VBNC state, especially when used inaccurately or in sub-lethal amounts. Noncompliance to drug regimens have been identified as a cause for the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of bacteria and this may well be a trigger for the VBNC state in some pathogens like M. tuberculosis (Kardas, 2002; Anderson et al, 2013). …”

Section: Significancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of the viable but non-culturable state in human bacterial pathogens

et al. 2014

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Many bacterial species have been found to exist in a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state since its discovery in 1982. VBNC cells are characterized by a loss of culturability on routine agar, which impairs their detection by conventional plate count techniques. This leads to an underestimation of total viable cells in environmental or clinical samples, and thus poses a risk to public health. In this review, we present recent findings on the VBNC state of human bacterial pathogens. The characteristics of VBNC cells, including the similarities and differences to viable, culturable cells and dead cells, and different detection methods are discussed. Exposure to various stresses can induce the VBNC state, and VBNC cells may be resuscitated back to culturable cells under suitable stimuli. The conditions that trigger the induction of the VBNC state and resuscitation from it are summarized and the mechanisms underlying these two processes are discussed. Last but not least, the significance of VBNC cells and their potential influence on human health are also reviewed.

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Section: Significancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of the viable but non-culturable state in human bacterial pathogens

et al. 2014

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“…A major obstacle to TB control is the emergence of mycobacterial resistance to anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. [1] Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that are resistant to Isoniazid and Rifampicin. The outcome results of MDR-TB patients remain suboptimal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-resistant-tuberculosis treatment in the Indian private sector: Results from a tertiary referral private hospital in Mumbai

Udwadia

Moharil

2014

Lung India

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Background:There is very limited data on the experience and outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients treated privately out of the DOTS plus program. Goal of this study is to provide characteristics and treatment outcomes of a prospective cohort of MDR-TB patients managed at a private tertiary referral institute.Materials and Methods:A prospective analysis of a cohort of MDR-TB patients treated in a tertiary private hospital, with the back-up of a Level 2 mycobacterial laboratory, which has recently received recognition by the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) for second-line drug susceptibility (DST). All patients received an individualized MDR regimen on an ambulatory basis.Results:Our 68% success rates are respectable and show that given the right laboratory backing, MDR-TB can be managed successfully in selected private practice settings.

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“…The mainstay treatment regimen for MDR-TB consists of quinolones due to their bactericidal activity (2). The later-generation quinolones, e.g., moxifloxacin (MXF) and gatifloxacin (GAT), exhibit enhanced bactericidal activity and have shown an improvement in successfully treating the disease (3)(4)(5). Recently, DC-159a, a novel 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone, has shown lower MICs against quinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis than the later-generation quinolones and promising in vivo activity for combination therapy of drug-susceptible and quinolone-resistant tuberculosis (6,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of gyrB Mutations in Pre-extensively and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Thai Clinical Isolates

Disratthakit

Prammananan

Tribuddharat

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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DNA gyrase mutations are a major cause of quinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We therefore conducted the first comprehensive study to determine the diversity of gyrase mutations in pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) (n ‫؍‬ 71) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) (n ‫؍‬ 30) Thai clinical tuberculosis (TB) isolates. All pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB isolates carried at least one mutation within the quinolone resistance-determining region of GyrA ( . MIC and DNA gyrase supercoiling inhibition assays were performed to determine the role of gyrase mutations in quinolone resistance. Compared to the MICs against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, the levels of resistance to all quinolones tested in the isolates that carried GyrA-D94G or GyrB-N538D (8-to 32-fold increase) were significantly higher than those in isolates bearing GyrA-D94A or GyrA-A90V (2-to 8-fold increase) (P < 0.01). Intriguingly, GyrB-E540D led to a dramatic resistance to later-generation quinolones, including moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and sparfloxacin (8-to 16-fold increases in MICs and 8.3-to 11.2-fold increases in 50% inhibitory concentrations [IC 50 s]). However, GyrB-E540D caused low-level resistance to early-generation quinolones, including ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin (2-to 4-fold increases in MICs and 1.5-to 2.0-fold increases in IC 50 s). In the present study, DC159a was the most active antituberculosis agent and was little affected by the gyrase mutations described above. Our findings suggest that although they are rare, gyrB mutations have a notable role in quinolone resistance, which may provide clues to the molecular basis of estimating quinolone resistance levels for drug and dose selection.

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Treatment outcome of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: retrospective-prospective cohort study from 2004 to 2007

Cited by 72 publications

References 33 publications

The importance of the viable but non-culturable state in human bacterial pathogens

The importance of the viable but non-culturable state in human bacterial pathogens

Multidrug-resistant-tuberculosis treatment in the Indian private sector: Results from a tertiary referral private hospital in Mumbai

Role of gyrB Mutations in Pre-extensively and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Thai Clinical Isolates

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