Treatment of Winery Wastewater Using Bench-Scale Columns Simulating Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands with Adsorption Media

Abstract

Wastewater produced during the wine-making process often contains an order of magnitude greater chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration than is typical of domestic wastewater. This waste stream is also highly variable in flow and composition due to the seasonality of wine-making. The recent growth of small-scale wineries in cold climates and increasing regulations present a need for low-cost, easily-operable treatment systems that do not require large amounts of land, yet maintain a high level of treatment in cool temperatures. This research investigates the use of a subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland (SVFCW) to treat winery wastewater. In this study, clinoptilolite, tire chips, and a nano-enhanced iron foam were used to enhance bench-scale gravel cells to adsorb ammonia, nitrate, and phosphorus, respectively. The treatment systems, without nitrogen adsorption media, performed well, with >99% removal of COD and 94% removal of total nitrogen. Treatment systems with the nitrogen adsorption media did not enhance nitrogen removal. Equilibrium was reached within two weeks of start-up, regardless of prior inoculation, which suggests that microbes present in the winery wastewater are sufficient for the start-up of the wastewater treatment system; therefore, the seasonality of winery wastewater production will not substantially impact treatment. Operating the treatment systems under cool temperatures did not significantly impact COD or total nitrogen removal. Further, the use of nano-enhanced iron foam exhibited 99.8% removal of phosphorus, which resulted in effluent concentrations that were below 0.102 mg/L P.

Biogas Potential of Wastes and By-Products of the Alcoholic Beverage Production Industries in the Spanish Region of Cantabria

“…The results are: Total methane potential: TMP = 57,951 m 3 CH4/year Amount of possible electricity generation from methane: e bio = 231,804 kWh/year Emission reduction from electricity generation: ER e l = 516,993 kg CO 2 /year Total emission reduction: TER = 1,476,578 kg CO 2 /year As a final note, the adoption and development of anaerobic treatment solutions should consider several factors for their successful implementation. Ideally, the technologies should require installations of a limited size [58] as the premises of the industries are usually small. This would also be influential on the economic aspects of the process.…”

Biosand Reactors for Municipal and Industrial Wastewater Treatment: Status Quo, Challenges and Opportunities

“…As with entrainment, degradable molecules can be removed by both adsorption and biodegradation [14]. When these mechanisms are combined, increased removal of organics such as phenolics [14] and ammonia (NH 3 ) [66,67] can theoretically take place. Table 1.…”

“…River sand grain d 50 = 3.2 mm, U = 8, Porosity = 0.17 In the case of NH 3 , the hypothesis is that in cold climates, adsorption of NH 3 by materials such as zeolite [66] or clinopatilolite [67] in winter may be followed by increased nitrification with the advent of warmer weather going into spring. Studies detailing combined adsorption-biodegradation removal in BSRs are limited, and the subject merits further investigation.…”

Energetic Valorization of Solid Wastes from the Alcoholic Beverage Production Industry: Distilled Gin Spent Botanicals and Brewers’ Spent Grains

“…And among the different possibilities available to deal with these wastes, anaerobic digestion with biomethane production has been a subject of study for a long time. Currently, there is literature available about anaerobic treatment and valorization in general for waste of almost any kind of alcoholic beverage, from beer or wine production [13][14][15], whisky and other grain distillates [16,17], to even tequila and other agave-based beverages [18,19]. However, there's a void in studies dealing with the wasteof gin production.…”