Treatment of seawater immersion-complicated open-knee joint fracture

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The current study aimed to select suitable remedies for seawater immersion-complicated open-knee joint fracture by exploring the effects of different treatment methods. Forty adult rabbits weighing 2.20 ± 0.25 kg were divided equally into internal fracture fixation group (A), seawater-immersed group with primary internal fixation (B), seawater-immersed group with secondary internal fixation (C), and seawater-immersed group with external fixation (D), using the randomdigit table method. Open-femoral internal condylar fracture models were established. Group A was left untreated for 2 h, whereas the other three groups were subjected to seawater immersion for 2 h. Afterwards, groups A and B underwent debridement and steel plate and screw internal fixation. Group C underwent debridement and external fixation, which was followed by secondary steel plate and screw internal fixation after the wound healed. Group D underwent transarticular arthrodesis. Wound infection, joint functional rehabilitation, and radiological and histopathological changes in fracture healing in each group were assessed. The results showed that delayed internal fixation effectively

Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Promote Seawater-Immersed Wound Healing by Activating Skin Stem Cells via the EGFR/MEK/ERK Pathway

“…The marine industry has been developing in recent years, and marine workers are prone to various open injuries [26]. Several previous studies have reported that SW immersion causes large amounts of inflammatory factors, such as IL-8, TNF, and NO, to be released from the injured area, causing multiple organ damage in the body and increasing the probability of disseminated intravascular coagulation, which ultimately leads to an increase in mortality [4,[27][28][29][30][31]. However, the effects of SW immersion on wound repair of full-thickness skin defects and its mechanism have not been reported in the literature.…”

Effects of a Portable Peritoneal Lavage Device on Dogs with Seawater-Immersed Open Abdominal Injury

“…Highly permeable alkaline seawater causes an increased local osmolarity of the open abdominal cavity, intracellular dehydration, and tissue space edema. These states directly stimulate histiocytes to release inflammatory mediators such as IL-8, TNF- α , and TGF- β and aggravate the hemorrhage of small vessels in injured tissues [5]. A large number of pathogenic bacteria and toxins in the seawater can enter the blood circulation through the peritoneum, resulting in systemic diseases such as infection, shock, and MOF [6].…”