“…ESCC is the result of multiple genetic and environmental factors that jointly participate in dysregulating a number of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes [ 15 ]. Two traditional chemotherapeutics, paclitaxel (Taxol) and cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II), have been successfully used in ESCC patients [ 16 ]. Paclitaxel stabilizes microtubules and reduces their dynamicity (thereby promoting mitotic arrest and apoptosis) and has demonstrated strong results in the treatment of several early stage tumors, including esophageal cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer [ 17 ].…”