Abstract:Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting most social, economic and biological aspects of human life. Most patients with epilepsy have uncontrolled seizures and drug side effects despite the medications. Patients with epilepsy often have problems with attention, memory, and information processing speed, which may be due to seizures, underlying causes, or anticonvulsants. Therefore, improving seizure control and reducing or changing the anti-epileptic drugs can solve these problems, bu… Show more
“…In addition, this was what we have observed in the current results when rats were treated with PEG only, a decline of mitochondrial biogenic formation, reduce transcription, and replication of mtDNA, which ultimately causes a weakening of the mitochondrial function, this explains the decline in the mtTFA expression and PGC-1α in hepatic tissue. The toxic substances cause the impaired activity of the electron transport chain by affecting the complex second and fourth of the respiratory chain as it leads to the electrons accumulation in the chain, and thus leads to transport and interaction with oxygen to form superoxide anion radical, this causes weakness in the mitochondrial activity [32] mentioned that the acute toxicity of ethylene glycol causes mitochondrial abnormalities and this is what we observed in the current results. Diab et al [9] found that DNA damage may be the result of free radical-mediated oxidative stress.…”
“…In addition, this was what we have observed in the current results when rats were treated with PEG only, a decline of mitochondrial biogenic formation, reduce transcription, and replication of mtDNA, which ultimately causes a weakening of the mitochondrial function, this explains the decline in the mtTFA expression and PGC-1α in hepatic tissue. The toxic substances cause the impaired activity of the electron transport chain by affecting the complex second and fourth of the respiratory chain as it leads to the electrons accumulation in the chain, and thus leads to transport and interaction with oxygen to form superoxide anion radical, this causes weakness in the mitochondrial activity [32] mentioned that the acute toxicity of ethylene glycol causes mitochondrial abnormalities and this is what we observed in the current results. Diab et al [9] found that DNA damage may be the result of free radical-mediated oxidative stress.…”
“…The intial step in assisting patients in better controlling their condition is to improve self-care behaviors, which emphasizes the significance of efficient elements for the patient self-treatment. Self-care also enhances the effectiveness of the illness's therapy and declines the likelihood of complications [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”
Background: Chronic infections of the periodontium brought on by harmful bacteria are known as periodontal diseases. Several factors, both local and systemic, contribute to the onset and development of periodontal infections. Dental plaque and plaque retentive areas, such as dental calculus, and faulty restorations, are examples of the local variables. Neglected diabetes mellitus and chronic cigarette use are examples of the systemic risk factors.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evalulate the effect of patient related factors on periodontal condition. Methodology: The accessible periodontal records were reviewed retrospectively for this cross-sectional investigation. Name, occupation, and primary complaint (C/P) are only some of personal and demographic details that could be gleaned from these files. Dentist visits; tooth brushing, tooth brushing technique, brushing frequency, health records, tooth mobility, routines, and additional clinical parameters such as clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), and the gingival index (GI) are all measures of how much gum tissue has been lost. Both chronic gingivitis (CG) and chronic periodontitis (CP) were noted as diagnoses. Results: There were variations in the clinical parameters, chief complain, and occupation of males and females according to the age groups. There was an increasing of periodontal diseases in old age. Periodontal diseases are more common in males more than females. The mobility of teeth and furcation involvement increase in sever periodontis in old age. Conclusion: There are many local patient related factors that affect the periodontal condition. Periodontal diseases were found more in males than females. In addition, there were more periodontal diseases in old than young patients.
“…Unlike normal cells, cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis instead of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which is performed by lactate dehydrogenase-mediated conversion of glucose to pyruvate and produces lactic acid [12]. Rapid tumor cellular proliferation creates a nutrient-restricted TME that impairs effector T cell differentiation and function.…”
Section: Metabolismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, high glucose utilization by glycolysis in the tumor cells results in the production of large amounts of anaerobic metabolites such as lactate in TME. The elevated lactic acid in turn leads to acidification of TME causing TIL dysfunction by blocking lactate export, and promoting the accumulation of tolerogenic cells and MDSC infiltration favoring TME for tumor progression [12] (Fig. 2).…”
Section: Metabolismmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, tumor vaccination was exploited to expose the intratumoral antigens in the forms of whole cells, peptides, proteins, DNA, and RNA to immune cells. The clinical applicability of this approach is limited to producing personalized vaccines and effective DNA/RNA-based vaccine delivery [12].…”
The immunotherapeutic approaches based on checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccination, immune cell-based therapy, and cytokines were developed to engage the patient's immune system against cancer and better survival of them. While potent, however, preclinical and clinical data have identified that abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can affect the efficacy of immunotherapies in some cancers. It is therefore imperative to develop new therapeutic interventions that will enable to overcome tumor-supportive TME and restrain anti-tumor immunity in patients that acquire resistance to current immunotherapies. Therefore, recognition of the essential nature of the tolerogenic TME may lead to a shift from the immunesuppressive TME to an immune-stimulating phenotype. Here, we review the composition of the TME and its effect on tumor immunoediting and then present how targeted monotherapy or combination therapies can be employed for reprogramming educated TME to improve current immunotherapies outcomes or elucidate potential therapeutic targets.
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