Treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using chickpea (Cicer arietinum) as a natural coagulant and flocculant: Evaluation, process optimization and characterization of chickpea powder

Lek, Brian Lee Choong; Peter, Angela Paul; Chong, Kevin Hwang Qi; Ragu, Pavithran; Sethu, Vasanthi; Selvarajoo, Anurita; Arumugasamy, Senthil Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2018.09.038

Cited by 84 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The adequate precisions of the models that represent the signal-to-noise ratio were 15.9876 and 26.9252, respectively (greater than 4), indicating its suitability to navigate the design space. The coefficients of variation (C.V.%) for both responses as shown in Table were less than 10%, implying that the experimental results are reproducible …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…To further validate the accuracy of the models, analysis of variance (ANOVA) such as p -value and Fisher value ( F -value) as shown in Table was used. The statistical significance of 95% was set for each term in Table as indicated by its p -value ( p < 0.05), , where smaller p -values infer to the increasing significance of the resulting model term. As apparent from Table , the model for mass yield is significant statistically as affirmed by the large F -value (27.44), and A is the only significant parameter found based on p < 0.05.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Enhancement of Palm Kernel Shell Fuel Properties via Wet Torrefaction: Response Surface, Optimization, and Combustion Studies

Gan

Lim

et al. 2019

Energy Fuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wet torrefaction emerges as a potential biomass pretreatment process to enhance the fuel properties of biomass. The present research was aimed to determine the energy-efficient conditions for the wet torrefaction of palm kernel shell via response surface methodology. The inherent relationship between fuel properties and operating conditions such as temperature (180–220 °C), residence time (10–30 min), and the palm kernel shell (PKS)/water ratio (0.1:0.2) was investigated, and temperature was observed to be the most significant parameter. Higher heating value of PKS was increased from 18.9 to 23.4 MJ/kg after torrifying at 220 °C, 30 min, and a water-to-biomass ratio at 0.2. The outcome of thermal analysis confirmed that wet-torrefied PKS exhibited an improved combustion behavior. The highest value of the comprehensive performance index for torrefied PKS was 5.687 × 10–10 min–2 °C–3. Wet torrefaction improved the fuel properties of PKS as the torrefied biomass had a higher carbon content, lower oxygen content, and lower ash content than raw PKS.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Palm Kernel Shell Fuel Properties via Wet Torrefaction: Response Surface, Optimization, and Combustion Studies

Gan

Lim

et al. 2019

Energy Fuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rice-husk-ash and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) are the natural coagulants-flocculants that have the potential to replace the chemical coagulants and flocculants for POME treatment. The combination of rice-husk-ash in a matrix of cement and filtration bed can trap up to 95 % of turbidity and bacteria present in the water (Huzir et al, 2019;Lek et al, 2018).…”

Section: Coagulation and Flocculation Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantages of coagulation and flocculation using electrocoagulation are low maintenance cost and low difficulty in operation (Nasrullah et al, 2020). The sludge produced is used as a fertilizer to increase soil fertility, which can increase the yield of oil palm fruits (Lek et al, 2018). Coagulation and flocculation treatment can remove most of the suspended solids in the effluent and some chemical oxygen demand.…”

Section: Continuedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palm Oil Industries in Malaysia and Possible Treatment Technologies for Palm Oil Mill Effluent: A Review

Kristanti

Hadibarata

Yuniarto

et al. 2021

EREM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Palm oil industries have become the main sector to boost the economic revenue in tropical countries, especially in South East Asia. In the recent years, the global production of palm oil reached 72 million metric tons in 2018, increasing from about 68 million metric tons in 2017. During that period, Malaysia is currently the second world producer of palm oil after neighbouring country Indonesia. Both countries are the leading exporters of palm oil with 84 % of worldwide production. A detailed analysis of the palm oil business in Malaysia, the environmental issues that have arisen, and the treatment technology used to effectively treat palm oil mill wastewater are reviewed to gain an understanding of environmental sustainability. In Malaysia, most of the oil palm plantations are owned by private conglomerates (61 %), followed by the independent smallholders (16 %), the Federal Land Development Authority (13 %), state agencies (6 %), the Federal Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Authority (3 %), and Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority (1 %). However, the rate of deforestation has increased due to the expansion of oil palm plantations in Malaysia. Palm oil mill effluent is also considered as one of the major environmental issues since it reduces the water quality index. Some techniques are implemented to treat palm oil mill effluent, such as anaerobic ponding systems, integrated anaerobic-aerobic bioreactors, coagulation and flocculation, thermochemical treatment, vermicomposting, membrane filtration, photocatalysis, moving bed biofilm reactors, and zero liquid discharge. Zero liquid discharge method is considered an appropriate method since this method provides a better waste recovery.

show abstract

“…The ponding system has low maintenance costs due to operational and process simplicity; therefore, it is economical and considered to be a feasible means of treating high-strength organic wastewater. , However, it entails a long hydraulic retention time (generally 40–200 days) and a large land area (∼1–5 ha). Moreover, it is not considered environmentally friendly because the methane produced by this technique is wastefully released into the atmosphere, and the system cannot be certified for carbon emission reduction trading. , In some cases, POME was subjected to physical and chemical pretreatment consisting of coagulation and flocculation aid, sedimentation, and adsorption using activated carbon or membrane filtration . However, the applicability of a wastewater-processing system associated with a higher cost might be unpersuasive to the palm oil millers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Lipid Accumulation through Bioremediation of Palm Oil Mill Wastewater by Bacillus cereus

Karim

Islam

Yousuf

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The wastewater burden and increased energy demands have spurred interest in finding possible solutions that could concomitantly address both issues. Microbial lipid production, together with the bioremediation of wastewater, could be a promising solution to address both problems. In this context, the present study was designed to evaluate the potential of Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) for accumulating microbial lipids through the bioremediation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) in batch mode fermentation. Different dilutions of POME media (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were used to determine the optimum POME concentration for enabling the maximum yield of biomass and maximum lipid production. The 50% (v/v) POME was found to have potential for the highest biomass growth (8.09 g/L) and lipid accumulation (1.46 g/L), with a lipid content of 18.04% (dry weight basis). B. cereus accumulated a higher biomass and lipid content than other bacterial strains, such as Rhodococcus opacus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, under similar conditions. On the other hand, the degree of bioremediation was assessed by evaluating several wastewater parameters and determining the seed germination index (GI) of Vigna radiata. POME treated with B. cereus displayed higher GI values than the untreated samples due to the significant remediation of detrimental organics present in the POME. This finding was further confirmed by the substantial reduction in pollution load, particularly in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) for 50% POME, thus demonstrating removal efficiencies of 79.35% and 72.65%, respectively. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that B. cereus cultivation in POME could be a promising technique for attaining higher biomass growth and lipid production in conjunction with the bioremediation of POME. The approach of achieving dual objectives that is utilized in the present study provides a novel strategy for palm oil millers.

show abstract

Treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using chickpea (Cicer arietinum) as a natural coagulant and flocculant: Evaluation, process optimization and characterization of chickpea powder

Cited by 84 publications

References 29 publications

Enhancement of Palm Kernel Shell Fuel Properties via Wet Torrefaction: Response Surface, Optimization, and Combustion Studies

Enhancement of Palm Kernel Shell Fuel Properties via Wet Torrefaction: Response Surface, Optimization, and Combustion Studies

Palm Oil Industries in Malaysia and Possible Treatment Technologies for Palm Oil Mill Effluent: A Review

Microbial Lipid Accumulation through Bioremediation of Palm Oil Mill Wastewater by Bacillus cereus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About