Treatment of Osteoporosis

Abstract

Osteoporosis is defined by a fragility fracture or hip BMD T score of -2.5 or lower. 1 Osteoporosis is a major health problem that affects 200 million people worldwide and 54 million older adults in the United States. 1,2 Half of all postmenopausal women have an osteoporosis-related fracture during their lifetime, 25% develop a vertebral deformity, and 15% experience a hip fracture. 1 Characteristics of the Guideline SourceThis guideline was developed by the ACP's Clinical Guidelines Committee (Table ), 3 composed of internists who specialize in primary care, health care administration, and medical and health services research. This committee oversees the development and evaluation of evidence-based guidelines published by the ACP. The recommen-dations were based on a systematic review sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 4 A conflict of interest disclosure was completed by task force members prior to each meeting. The recommendations were evaluated using the ACP's guideline grading system. 5 The guideline underwent a peer review process through the ACP's journal and was posted online for comments from ACP members and leadership.

Dose‐response effects of exercise on bone mineral density and content in post‐menopausal women

“…The adherence to the intervention was monitored by weekly exercise logs that were completed by the participants and verified by the trainers. These logs included information on the exercise time spent in the prescribed heart rate zones and the rate of perceived exertion (Borg scale, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Subsequently, there was no intervention during the 12-month follow-up period.…”

“…Several lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions to prevent the loss of bone mineral density in women have been assessed within randomized settings. 6 Pharmacological treatments, such as the prescription of bone resorption inhibitors or bone formation stimulators, are widely used in post-menopausal osteoporosis to help maintain bone mineral density. 7 However, the widespread and long-term use of these drugs is limited because of possible side effects (eg, fever, nausea, muscle and bone pain, toxicity, heart disease, and cancer).…”

“…Several lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions to prevent the loss of bone mineral density in women have been assessed within randomized settings . Pharmacological treatments, such as the prescription of bone resorption inhibitors or bone formation stimulators, are widely used in post‐menopausal osteoporosis to help maintain bone mineral density .…”

MicroRNA‐92b‐5p modulates melatonin‐mediated osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by targeting ICAM‐1

“…Osteoporosis is caused by the imbalance between osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption and osteoblast‐induced bone formation of osseous tissues. The present attempts to treat osteoporosis have focused on exercising, calcium supplement and vitamin D administration . Besides these existing treatment methods, new strategies to effectively prevent the development of osteoporosis by improving bone formation are always urgently required.…”

Effect of teriparatide on quality of life in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a retrospective cohort study

“…There are more than 54 million people with osteoporosis among people older than age 50 years in the United States and this number is expected to rise to 71.2 by the year 2030. 1 China may have up to 100 million patients with osteoporosis by 2020, 2 and an estimated 9 million new bone fractures occur owing to osteoporosis, 3 with this number increasing in many countries. Osteoporosis causes musculoskeletal pain, reduced mobility, and fracture risk upon falling and lifting heavy items, which can have fatal consequences owing to being bedridden for a long period and an accompanying decline in overall health status and life quality of the patient.…”