Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma using Thymoquinone Loaded on Gold Nanoparticles

Introduction: Different types of DNA damages occur during the induced oral carcinogenesis, which can be eliminated through several DNA repair pathways. XRCC1 and ERCC1 are the main repair enzymes involved in repair of oral squamous cell carcinoma. A combination of thymoquinone with gold nanoparticles as a novel chemotherapeutic modality is the aim of the present work against chemically induced SCC in the classic model of HBP/DMBA carcinogenesis. Materials and methods: One hundred male Syrian golden hamsters were divided into: Group A: Ten animals (negative control), group B: Ten animals (positive control) painted with DMBA only 3times / week/ 12weeks. The rest of animals were painted with DMBA (3times / week/ 12weeks) then painted and injected intraperitoneal with TQ only, 0.01mg/kg TQ-GNps, 0.001mg/kg TQ-GNps or GNps only for 6-and 12-weeks, intervals. By end of the experiment, both pouches from all groups were surgically excised, fresh samples from each pouch were processed for RT-PCR technique. The rest of the pouches were fixed and processed for H&E evaluation. Results: Loading of thymoquinone on gold nanoparticles was promising chemotherapeutic combination, through regression of well-differentiated SCC (positive control) to dysplasia and enhanced expression of the studied DNA repair enzymes compared to either thymoquinone or gold nanoparticles groups. Conclusion:Loading of TQ on GNps revealed superior effect over the use of TQ only or GNps only in regression of tumors and increased expression of DNA repair enzymes.

show abstract

“…after DMBA. (38) The best results from both studies were obtained with 0.001 mg/kg TQ loaded on GNps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Similar results were obtained from this combination in previous studies carried out in the same model. (35,38) These studies reported inactivation of the Nf-κB protein, in the groups treated with TQ, or TQ-GNps (in different concentrations), whether used topically, 35 or given i.p. after DMBA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evaluation of the chemotherapeutic effect of thymoquinone loaded on gold nanoparticles through expression of DNA repair enzymes in induced oral squamous cell carcinoma

Amer

Hassan

Attia

et al. 2020

Dental Science Updates

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…after DMBA. 15 The best results from both studies were obtained with 0.001 mg/kg TQ loaded on AuNps. Group D2 (0.001 mg/kg TQ loaded on GNps for 12 weeks) in the present study, showed IHC intense stain (score 3) along with the epithelial layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Similar results were obtained from this combination in previous studies carried out in the same model. 15,21 These studies reported inactivation of the Nf-κB protein, in the groups treated with TQ, or AuNps-TQ (in different concentrations), whether used topically, [21] or given i.p. after DMBA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XRCC1 immunohistochemical expression in DMBA – induced oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with different thymoquinone preparations

Amer

Hassan

Attia

et al. 2020

Dental Science Updates

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: The X-ray repair cross-complementing 1 (XRCC1) enzyme plays an important role in the DNA repair pathway. XRCC1 polymorphism increased the risk of human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Loading of thymoquinone on gold nanoparticles as a drug carrier, had revealed a superior anti-cancer effect as a chemotherapeutic agent in DMBA-induced OSCC. Aim of the work: This study aimed to evaluate the expression of DNA repair enzyme X-ray repair cross-complementing 1 (XRCC1) following treatment of induced oral cancer in hamster buccal pouch with thymoquinone (TQ) only and loaded on gold nanoparticles (AuNps). Materials and methods: Sixty male Syrian golden hamsters were divided into 4 groups: Group A: (negative control). The left pouches of the rest of animals were painted with the carcinogen DMBA (3times / week/ 12 weeks), then: Group B: (positive control), Group C: painted and injected intraperitoneally (i.p) with TQ only (3 times/week for 6 and 12 weeks). Group D: painted with TQ loaded on AuNps (3 times/week for 6 and 12 weeks). After euthanization, all pouches were surgically excised, fixed and processed for H&E and XRCC1 immunohistochemical stains. Results: Groups B, C1, C2, and D1 showed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with low intensity of immune staining. Groups D2 showed remarkable regression of tumors both clinically and histologically with high intensity of IHC staining. Conclusion: Loading of TQ at low concentration (0.001 mg/kg) on AuNps /12 weeks was a promising chemotherapeutic combination, through enhancing XRCC1 expression to regress the carcinogenesis process. This effect could be due to the anti-oxidant, free-radicle scavenging effect and enhancing apoptosis by TQ.

show abstract

“…It was used to study the carcinogenesis process, prevention and treatment of oral cancer. (2)(3)(4) Dimethylbenza-a-anthracene (DMBA) is one of the polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are environmental carcinogens as products of incomplete fuel combustion (in air), water, soil, food supply, cigarette smoke and alcohol. (5,6) When DMBA is painted to the hamster buccal pouch (HBP) for 6 weeks (0.5% in mineral oil, 3/week) it results in epithelial dysplasia, (3) while for 12-14 weeks it results in invasive well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Thymoquinone Injections and Expression of DNA Repair Enzymes in Hamster Buccal Pouch-Induced Dysplasia

Said

2021

Egyptian Dental Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Because carcinogenesis is a multi-step process, Sporn (1976) suggested that the best time to control cancer is in its "preneoplastic" phase, before it has a chance to develop into "invasive" cancer. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of TQ on the dysplasia induced in that model, through IHC expression of both enzymes.6 weeks of DMBA painting resulted in irreversible genetic changes that did not resolve by the studied repair enzymes. So it can be proposed that TQ had resulted in regression of the carcinogenesis process through the following mechanisms. First: TQ as a potent antioxidant that antagonizes the adverse effect resulting from elevated ROS levels due to carcinogenesis i.e. reduction of the intracellular ROS allowed the repair enzymes to fulfill their main target.Second: TQ through inactivation of the TNF-Nf-κB pathway, and in turn induced p53 activation, i.e. stimulated apoptosis of malignant cells. Third: TQ has the ability to arrest cells at different phases of the cell cycle leading to growth inhibition, so allowing repair of mutated cells

show abstract

Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma using Thymoquinone Loaded on Gold Nanoparticles

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Molecular evaluation of the chemotherapeutic effect of thymoquinone loaded on gold nanoparticles through expression of DNA repair enzymes in induced oral squamous cell carcinoma

Molecular evaluation of the chemotherapeutic effect of thymoquinone loaded on gold nanoparticles through expression of DNA repair enzymes in induced oral squamous cell carcinoma

XRCC1 immunohistochemical expression in DMBA – induced oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with different thymoquinone preparations

Early Thymoquinone Injections and Expression of DNA Repair Enzymes in Hamster Buccal Pouch-Induced Dysplasia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About