Treatment of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Larynx

Moisa, I; Silver, Carl E.

doi:10.1159/000276225

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This technique has not been applied in any of the 24 reported cases, though applications in tumors in other locations of the larynx, such as the angiofibroma [14] or the laryngeal paraganglioma [15][16] , have been reported. Preoperative embolization could possibly have benefited these laryngeal cases contemplated for transoral resection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Leiomyoma of the Larynx: A Rare Entity

Xu¹,

Zhou²,

Wang³

2008

ORL

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Background: We conducted a review of the literature to investigate the clinical presentations and histopathologic findings of laryngeal vascular leiomyomas. Method: We retrospectively analyzed 24 cases of vascular leiomyomas of the larynx. Results: Vascular leiomyoma of the larynx is a very uncommon tumor with only 24 cases reported in the literature. Of the 24 cases, the male/female ratio was 19/5. The patients were from 11 to 78 years old, and nearly half of the patients (11/24) were between the ages of 40 and 60. The tumor occurrence sites varied, with the supraglottic region being most common (14/24), followed by the glottic region (7/24) and the subglottic region (3/24). A common symptom of laryngeal leiomyoma is hoarseness of voice. The tumor is submucosal with dilated vessels on the surface. Histopathologically, the tumor cells are composed of numerous variform blood vessels lacking mitosis and well-differentiated smooth muscle bundles. Complete surgical excision is the most commonly recommended treatment. Conclusions: Vascular leiomyoma is a benign tumor. External incision effectively prevents hemorrhage during the operation and recurrence after the operation. A smaller, well-circumscribed laryngeal vascular leiomyoma may be easily amenable to transoral laser resection. Preoperative embolization can be potentially used to benefit the laryngeal transoral resection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Leiomyoma of the Larynx: A Rare Entity

Xu¹,

Zhou²,

Wang³

2008

ORL

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“…Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for typical carcinoid of the larynx. 58,59 Conservation surgery, particularly supraglottic subtotal laryngectomy, may be suitable but large tumors require total laryngectomy. Neck dissection is not indicated in view of the usual absence of lymph node metastases.…”

Section: Treatment Of Neuroendocrine Neoplasmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally agreed that surgery alone or in combination with radiation does not improve local tumor control and is not the initial treatment of choice. 58,66,67 Total laryngectomy may control the primary tumor, but the resultant loss of voice is not justifiable in the face of other modalities that may offer primary tumor control. 66 Baugh et al 67 reviewed the various modalities that have been used to treat this cancer.…”

Section: Treatment Of Neuroendocrine Neoplasmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx: An overview

et al. 2009

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Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx are rare but are the most common nonsquamous tumors of this organ. In the past, there has been considerable confusion about the nature and classification of these neoplasms, but the current consensus is that there are 4 different types of laryngeal neuroendocrine tumors composed of paraganglioma, typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid tumor, and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Carcinoids and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas are epithelial neoplasms, whereas paragangliomas are of neural origin. Diagnosis is based primarily on light microscopy and confirmed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Precise diagnosis is essential because the natural history, treatment, and prognosis vary widely for the different neoplastic categories. Typical carcinoids are very rare and are treated by wide local excision, usually partial laryngectomy, without elective neck dissection. Atypical carcinoid tumors are more common and more aggressive. They are treated by partial or total laryngectomy with elective or therapeutic neck dissection. Adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy may be of benefit in some cases. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas are highly aggressive and should be considered disseminated at initial diagnosis. The treatment is by irradiation and chemotherapy as surgery has proven to be of a little benefit. Paragangliomas are treated by local excision or partial laryngectomy. It is difficult to determine the valid survival statistics for typical carcinoids because of their rarity and confusion in the literature with their atypical counterparts. They have a greater tendency to metastasize, and thus a worse prognosis than was previously believed. Atypical carcinoid tumors have a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%, which decreases with time. The prognosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the larynx is dismal, with 5-year survival rates of 5%. The biological behavior of laryngeal paraganglioma is generally benign and the prognosis is excellent.

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“…Preoperative embolization seems unnecessary. Endoscopic excision should be avoided since bleeding (even from the biopsy) can be difficult to control [10,12] and laser therapy has not been successful [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paraganglioma of the Larynx

Mosto

Boscolo‐Rizzo

Marchiori

et al. 2002

Otorhinolaryngol Nova

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The laryngeal paraganglioma (LP) is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm which arises from paraganglionic tissue normally present in the larynx. Immunohistochemistry is essential in the differential diagnosis of the various neuroendocrine neoplasms. The study presents a case of LP arising in an otherwise healthy 30-year-old black woman. Direct laryngoscopy revealed a large mass obstructing the airway almost completely. The patient underwent a total laryngectomy. Histopathological examination showed a population of epithelioid cells arranged in round nests and balls surrounded by a delicate stroma (‘Zellballen’ pattern). The histological and immunohistochemical patterns were coherent with LP. At 24 months after excision, she shows no evidence of disease.

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Treatment of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Larynx

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Vascular Leiomyoma of the Larynx: A Rare Entity

Vascular Leiomyoma of the Larynx: A Rare Entity

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx: An overview

Paraganglioma of the Larynx

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