“…Johnson et al [130] studied organic fouling of nanofiltration membranes (both commercial and modified with polymeric bicontinuous emulsion [131]) using polystyrene microspheres which had been functionalised with humic acid (HA) in pure water and model textile dye wastewater (MTDW) [132] to assess potential fouling of these membranes in membrane bioreactor applications.…”
Section: Investigation Of Organic and Biofouling Of Membranesmentioning
Many of the properties exhibited by separation membranes are due to interactions at the interface with their environment, including flux, rejection of solutes and surface fouling. As such when trying to understand how such interactions affect their function and when developing novel membranes with improved properties, a thorough understanding of their surface properties is essential. In this review paper we describe and discuss a number of instrumental techniques commonly used to characterize membrane surface, along with illustrative examples from the literature on membrane development and characterization. The techniques described include spectroscopic techniques, microscopic techniques and methods to measure the surface wettability and electrokinetic behaviour.
“…Johnson et al [130] studied organic fouling of nanofiltration membranes (both commercial and modified with polymeric bicontinuous emulsion [131]) using polystyrene microspheres which had been functionalised with humic acid (HA) in pure water and model textile dye wastewater (MTDW) [132] to assess potential fouling of these membranes in membrane bioreactor applications.…”
Section: Investigation Of Organic and Biofouling Of Membranesmentioning
Many of the properties exhibited by separation membranes are due to interactions at the interface with their environment, including flux, rejection of solutes and surface fouling. As such when trying to understand how such interactions affect their function and when developing novel membranes with improved properties, a thorough understanding of their surface properties is essential. In this review paper we describe and discuss a number of instrumental techniques commonly used to characterize membrane surface, along with illustrative examples from the literature on membrane development and characterization. The techniques described include spectroscopic techniques, microscopic techniques and methods to measure the surface wettability and electrokinetic behaviour.
“…This dye was based on chemical components typically used in the textile dyeing industry [30][31][32][33]. Its chemical composition is defined in Table 2.…”
Section: Model Textile Dye Wastewatermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This shows that the foulant rejection performance of the membrane samples as a whole is greatly modified by the presence of the mixture of compounds in the MTDW, either by modification of the probe or modification of the membrane itself. The MTDW has a complex composition, designed to closely mimic the operating environment with which filtration membranes are likely to encounter, in this case MBR processing of wastewater from the textile dyeing industry [30]. It contains two commonly used textile dyes, salts, glucose and a surfactant.…”
Section: Adhesion Measurements Between Humic Acid and Polymer Membranesmentioning
“…Most studies showed that the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) could reach 80%‐90%. However, MBR could not remove the colour efficiently as dyes are not highly biodegradable 9‐12 . In 2013, Konsowa et al studied the effectiveness of an MBR pilot plant to treat dye wastewater.…”
A laboratory‐scale pilot plant of moving bed biofilm reactor coupled with membrane bioreactor (MBBR‐MBR) was studied with regard to wastewater treatment in the textile industry, and the reuse feasibility of treated water was investigated. The pilot plant comprised two connected parts: an aerobic tank filled with carriers and a submerged membrane tank. The MBBR‐MBR system reduced the hydraulic retention time to 1 day, which is very promising compared with conventional biological treatment in the textile industry. The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand reached 93%, which is almost the maximum for a biological process treating this type of wastewater, as well as the colour removal performance, which achieved 85%. Additionally, 99% of total suspended solids were removed due to filtration. Furthermore, new dyeing processes reusing the treated water were performed. The quality of the new dyed fabrics with treated water was compared with reference fabrics. Colour differences between new dyed fabrics and reference fabrics were found to be within the general requirement of the textile industry (ΔECMC(2:1) < 1). The reuse of treated water in new dyeing processes is beneficial both for the industry and for the environment, because the textile sector is an intensive water consumer during both the dyeing and finishing processes.
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