Treatment of melamine formaldehyde fibers for decontaminating biological and chemical warfare agents

Kocer, Hasan B.; Özkan, Fatma; Broughton, R. M.; Worley, S. D.

doi:10.1002/app.42799

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Melamine formaldehyde (MF) fibers have also been used to obtain new melamine-containing N-halamines. Kocer et al 191 reported that to prepare melamine-containing N-halamines, they used melamine formaldehyde (MF) fibers in a hydrolysis reaction with sulfuric acid aqueous solution, followed by chlorination with household bleach. They found that when some of the formaldehyde had been released from the fibers after acid treatment, the fibers became more accessible to chlorine absorption.…”

Section: Chemical Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biocidal performance of the hydrolyzed chlorinated-treated fibers was further improved by a hydrophilic N-halamine surface coating. 191 2.2.7. Polysaccharide-Containing N-Halamines.…”

Section: Chemical Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of their structural characteristics, melamine-containing N -halamines belong to a subcollection of amine N -halamines due to the presence of amine N–X bonds. − However, the former have quite similar chemical properties to the latter, even though their strong electron-withdrawing effects result from different functional groups . According to Sun’s report, the biocidal activity and stability of melamine-containing N -halamines fall between those of amine N -halamines and amide N -halamines because the melamine-containing N -halamines combine the advantages of both.…”

Section: Synthesis Of N-halaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that when some of the formaldehyde had been released from the fibers after acid treatment, the fibers became more accessible to chlorine absorption. The biocidal performance of the hydrolyzed chlorinated-treated fibers was further improved by a hydrophilic N -halamine surface coating …”

Section: Synthesis Of N-halaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of their unique chemical structure and antibacterial functions, N -halamines are being explored for other important applications. ,,,,,,− For instance, Williams et al developed melamine-containing N -halamines for kitchen work surfaces by imparting antimicrobial properties to the materials in furniture surfaces, such as plastics, ceramic tiles, cardboard, wood, marble, aluminum, formica, grout cement, and glazed porcelain. They found that antibacterial coatings on a wide variety of hard and soft substrates could be obtained by exposing surfaces treated with N -halamines.…”

Section: Applications Of N-halaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Insights into Antibacterial N-Halamines

et al. 2017

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Microbial contamination arising from pathogens poses serious threats to human health and in recent decades has presented an unprecedented challenge to antibacterial research. Of the various antibacterial agents that effectively kill pathogens, halogen-based antibacterial compounds have been successful in eliminating harmful pathogen-associated diseases and are becoming the most popular disinfectants. As a significant subcategory of halogen antibacterial agents, N-halamines have drawn increasing research interest into their chemistry and practical applications. N-Halamines have many advantages over other antibacterial agents, including effectiveness against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, long-term physicochemical stability, high structural durability, and the regenerability of their functional groups, with corresponding renewal of their antibacterial properties. This review examines recent progress and research trends in both theoretical and experimental studies of N-halamines, with the aim of providing a systematic and comprehensive survey and assessment of the significant advances in our understanding of antibacterial N-halamines. This review serves as a practical guide to developing N-halamines through both broad and in-depth basic research and offers suggestions for their potential future applications.

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Section: Chemical Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biocidal performance of the hydrolyzed chlorinated-treated fibers was further improved by a hydrophilic N-halamine surface coating. 191 2.2.7. Polysaccharide-Containing N-Halamines.…”

Section: Chemical Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of N-halaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis Of N-halaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications Of N-halaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Insights into Antibacterial N-Halamines

et al. 2017

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Preparation of poly(melamine‐formaldehyde‐2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine) high‐performance fibers

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Melamine formaldehyde fiber is widely used in various fields because of its excellent heat resistance and flame‐retardant properties. In this study, melamine and paraformaldehyde are used as the main raw materials, 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB) is successfully introduced into the molecular chain. The TFMB modified spinning solutions (MF‐TFMB) are obtained by one‐step copolymerization, the TFMB‐modified melamine‐formaldehyde fibers (MFF‐TFMB) are prepared by dry spinning. The surface contact angle and surface energy are measured by a contact angle measuring instrument. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the fibers are measured by a thermogravimetric analyzer and a single‐fiber strength tester. The results show that the introduction of the TFMB group reduces the surface free energy of the polymer and effectively improves the heat resistance and mechanical properties of the fiber. When the addition amount of TFMB is 3%, the MFF‐TFMB‐3% fiber has smooth surface and bubble‐free inside, the breaking strength is 2.25 cN/dtex and the elongation at break is 11.85%. The limiting oxygen index is 32.5%, and the mass loss rate is decreased from 63.88% to 51.36% at 400°C. The fiber has excellent thermal stability and flame‐retardant properties.

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Decomposition and fragmentation of conventional and biobased plastic wastes in simulated and real aquatic systems

Plohl,

Fras Zemljič,

Erjavec

et al. 2024

Clean Techn Environ Policy

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Plastics play a crucial role in our daily lives. The challenge, however, is that they become waste and contribute to a global environmental problem, increasing concerns about pollution and the urgent need to protect the environment. The accumulation and fragmentation of plastic waste, especially micro- and nanoplastics in aquatic systems, poses a significant threat to ecosystems and human health. In this study, the decomposition and fragmentation processes of conventional and biobased plastic waste in simulated water bodies (waters with different pH values) and in real water systems (tap water and seawater) are investigated over a period of one and six months. Three types of plastic were examined: thermoplastic polyethylene terephthalate and thermoset melamine etherified resin in the form of nonwovens and biobased polylactic acid (PLA) in the form of foils. Such a comprehensive study involving these three types of plastics and the methodology for tracking degradation in water bodies has not been conducted before, which underlines the novelty of the present work. After aging of the plastics, both the solid fraction and the leachate in the liquid phase were carefully examined. The parameters studied include mass loss, structural changes and alterations in functional groups observed in the aged plastics. Post-exposure assessment of the fragmented pieces includes quantification of the microplastic, microscopic observations and confirmation of composition by in situ Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The leachate analysis includes pH, conductivity, turbidity, total carbon and microplastic size distribution. The results highlight the importance of plastic waste morphology and the minor degradation of biobased PLA and show that microfibers contribute to increased fragmentation in all aquatic systems and leave a significant ecological footprint. This study underlines the crucial importance of post-consumer plastic waste management and provides valuable insights into strategies for environmental protection. It also addresses the pressing issue of plastic pollution and provides evidence-based measures to mitigate its environmental impact. Graphical abstract

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Treatment of melamine formaldehyde fibers for decontaminating biological and chemical warfare agents

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Chemical Insights into Antibacterial N-Halamines

Chemical Insights into Antibacterial N-Halamines

Preparation of poly(melamine‐formaldehyde‐2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine) high‐performance fibers

Decomposition and fragmentation of conventional and biobased plastic wastes in simulated and real aquatic systems

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