Treatment of low concentration hydrogen by electrochemical pump or proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Onda, Kazuo; Araki, Takuto; Ichihara, Keiji; Nagahama, Mitsuyuki

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.11.135

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In emerging applications, hydrogen mixed with an inert gas, such as that obtained in photocatalytic glycerol reforming, can be used as a fuel in certain types of fuel cells. [43] There is no commonly accepted unit for the measure of reaction rates in heterogeneous photocatalysis. [38] Reported units of activity are mmol h À1 , [44] mmol per experiment, [45] molar ratio of hydrogen/sacrificial donor, [46] x times the activity compared to P25 TiO 2 , [47] mmol h À1 m À2 , [48] and others.…”

Section: Photoreforming Glycerol To Hydrogen Using Binary Promoted Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Hydrogen by Glycerol Photoreforming Using Binary Nitrogen–Metal‐Promoted N‐M‐TiO₂ Photocatalysts

2014

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The need for renewable energy focuses attention on hydrogen obtained by using sustainable and green methods. The sustainable compound glycerol can be used for hydrogen production by heterogeneous photocatalysis. A novel approach involves the promotion of the TiO2 photocatalyst with a binary combination of nitrogen and transition metal. We report the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of the new N-M-TiO2 photocatalysts (M=none, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu), and the photocatalytic reforming of glycerol to hydrogen under ambient conditions and near-UV or visible light versus benchmark P25 TiO2 . In units of activity μmol m(-2) h(-1) , N-Ni-TiO2 is five-fold more active than P25, and N-Cu-TiO2 is 44-fold more active. The photocatalytic activity of N-M-TiO2 increases from Cr to Co and Ni, whereas the photoluminescence decreases; the change in activity is due to the modulation of charge recombination.

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Section: Photoreforming Glycerol To Hydrogen Using Binary Promoted Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Hydrogen by Glycerol Photoreforming Using Binary Nitrogen–Metal‐Promoted N‐M‐TiO₂ Photocatalysts

2014

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“…Onda et al [ 172 ] measured the voltage–current characteristics of an electrochemical hydrogen pump (EHP) and PEM-FCs; they changed the hydrogen concentration from 99.99% to 1%. Nearly all of the hydrogen could be separated and recovered, even when the hydrogen feed mixture flow rate or feed gas concentration was changed (impurity concentration in the treated gas stream: Max.…”

Section: Electrochemical Hydrogen Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Membrane-Based Electrochemical Hydrogen Separation: A Review

2021

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In this paper an overview of commercial hydrogen separation technologies is given. These technologies are discussed and compared—with a detailed discussion on membrane-based technologies. An emerging and promising novel hydrogen separation technology, namely, electrochemical hydrogen separation (EHS) is reviewed in detail. EHS has many advantages over conventional separation systems (e.g., it is not energy intensive, it is environmentally-friendly with near-zero pollutants, it is known for its silent operation, and, the greatest advantage, simultaneous compression and purification can be achieved in a one-step operation). Therefore, the focus of this review is to survey open literature and research conducted to date on EHS. Current technological advances in the field of EHS that have been made are highlighted. In the conclusion, literature gaps and aspects of electrochemical hydrogen separation, that require further research, are also highlighted. Currently, the cost factor, lack of adequate understanding of the degradation mechanisms related to this technology, and the fact that certain aspects of this technology are as yet unexplored (e.g., simultaneous hydrogen separation and compression) all hinder its widespread application. In future research, some attention could be given to the aforementioned factors and emerging technologies, such as ceramic proton conductors and solid acids.

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“…Currently, most existing flow fields used in EHCs are similar to those used in PEMFCs and include single serpentine [125,140,187], pin-type (grid-type) [20] and parallel channel types. Here, Casati et al [125] suggested that between single serpentine and parallel channel flow fields, the parallel channel flow fields showed slightly higher hydrogen recovery rates but low values of space-time, indicating the influence of different shapes in flow fields on performance under different pressures (Fig.…”

Section: Flow Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…And although Kusoglu et al [205] discussed the internal balance between chemical and mechanical forces in the determination of the water content and the d-spacing of water domains in PFSA membranes and showed that direct hydrostatic pressure confinement can reduce the water content by using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), more experiments are needed to verify that decreases in the water content become less significant at 25 MPa. Casati et al [125] also showed that the better control of the membrane hydration degree can be achieved by adopting variational operating conditions instead of galvanostatic ones and Onda et al [187] found that both hydrogen flow relative humidity and current density distribution decreased along the channel direction during EHC operation because of unbalanced contributions from two main water transport mechanisms across the membrane (i.e., back-diffusion and electro-osmotic drag). This uneven distribution of transport mechanisms can also lead to localized membrane dehydration, which can increase local resistances.…”

Section: Water Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Compression Technologies for High-Pressure Hydrogen: Current Status, Challenges and Perspective

Zou

Han

Yan

et al. 2020

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

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Hydrogen is an ideal energy carrier in future applications due to clean byproducts and high efficiency. However, many challenges remain in the application of hydrogen, including hydrogen production, delivery, storage and conversion. In terms of hydrogen storage, two compression modes (mechanical and non-mechanical compressors) are generally used to increase volume density in which mechanical compressors with several classifications including reciprocating piston compressors, hydrogen diaphragm compressors and ionic liquid compressors produce significant noise and vibration and are expensive and inefficient. Alternatively, non-mechanical compressors are faced with issues involving large-volume requirements, slow reaction kinetics and the need for special thermal control systems, all of which limit large-scale development. As a result, modular, safe, inexpensive and efficient methods for hydrogen storage are urgently needed. And because electrochemical hydrogen compressors (EHCs) are modular, highly efficient and possess hydrogen purification functions with no moving parts, they are becoming increasingly prominent. Based on all of this and for the first time, this review will provide an overview of various hydrogen compression technologies and discuss corresponding structures, principles, advantages and limitations. This review will also comprehensively present the recent progress and existing issues of EHCs and future hydrogen compression techniques as well as corresponding containment membranes, catalysts, gas diffusion layers and flow fields. Furthermore, engineering perspectives are discussed to further enhance the performance of EHCs in terms of the thermal management, water management and the testing protocol of EHC stacks. Overall, the deeper understanding of potential relationships between performance and component design in EHCs as presented in this review can guide the future development of anticipated EHCs.

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Treatment of low concentration hydrogen by electrochemical pump or proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Cited by 37 publications

References 4 publications

Production of Hydrogen by Glycerol Photoreforming Using Binary Nitrogen–Metal‐Promoted N‐M‐TiO₂ Photocatalysts

Production of Hydrogen by Glycerol Photoreforming Using Binary Nitrogen–Metal‐Promoted N‐M‐TiO₂ Photocatalysts

Recent Advances in Membrane-Based Electrochemical Hydrogen Separation: A Review

Electrochemical Compression Technologies for High-Pressure Hydrogen: Current Status, Challenges and Perspective

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Treatment of low concentration hydrogen by electrochemical pump or proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Cited by 37 publications

References 4 publications

Production of Hydrogen by Glycerol Photoreforming Using Binary Nitrogen–Metal‐Promoted N‐M‐TiO2 Photocatalysts

Production of Hydrogen by Glycerol Photoreforming Using Binary Nitrogen–Metal‐Promoted N‐M‐TiO2 Photocatalysts

Recent Advances in Membrane-Based Electrochemical Hydrogen Separation: A Review

Electrochemical Compression Technologies for High-Pressure Hydrogen: Current Status, Challenges and Perspective

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Production of Hydrogen by Glycerol Photoreforming Using Binary Nitrogen–Metal‐Promoted N‐M‐TiO₂ Photocatalysts

Production of Hydrogen by Glycerol Photoreforming Using Binary Nitrogen–Metal‐Promoted N‐M‐TiO₂ Photocatalysts