Treatment of Goat Femur Segmental Defects with Silica-Coated Hydroxyapatite—One-Year Follow-Up

Abstract

Segmental bone defects caused by tumor resections, trauma, and skeletal abnormalities such as osteomyelitis remain a major problem in orthopedics because of the lack of predictability in attaining functional bone after the treatment. The objective of this study was to propose an indigenous porous biodegradable triphasic ceramic (calcium silicate, tricalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite [HA])-coated HA (core) (HASi) for the repair of such segmental defects. With respect to the synthesis of HASi, HA blocks were prepared by wet precipitation, dipped in silica sol (sol gel method), sintered at 1200 degrees C, polished in the form of hollow cylinder (2 cm long with an outer and inner diameter of 2 cm and 7 mm, respectively), and implanted into a 2-cm segmental defect created in the goat femur diaphysis. This study prolonged for 12 uneventful months and thereafter neo-osteogenesis in par with material degradation was analyzed through radiography, histology, histomorphometry, scanning electron microscope (SEM)-energy dispersive spectrum, micro-computed tomography, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. HASi proved to be osteoconductive, osteointegrative, and degradative in nature, without the intervention of fibrous tissue formation at the defect site. Histologically, the newly formed bone reorganized, mineralized, and attained the appearance and contour of the original femoral diaphysis in 1 year. The interconnected porous structure with silica composition aided progressive bone regeneration and repair in par with degradation of the material. Thus the study proposed the possibility of using HASi as a suitable material in clinical orthopedic reconstructive surgery, which remains a formidable challenge.

The Osteogenetic Efficacy of Goat Bone Marrow-Enriched Self-Assembly Peptide/Demineralized Bone MatrixIn VitroandIn Vivo

“…7F), and that unilateral cortical bone not fused perfectly in the SAP/DBM (Fig. 7H); we suppose that the healing time of 16 weeks is relatively short, compared with 6-12 months (38,39).Regardless, these results indicated that the approach of immediate implantation after construction induced satisfactory outcomes. Moreover, this approach possessed advantages over traditional tissue engineering constructs, such as convenience, low risk, time savings, and ethical compliance.…”

Treatment of Benign Bone Defects in Children with Silicate-Substituted Calcium Phosphate (SiCaP)

“…Silicate has a scientifically proven osteo-stimulating effect. 11,12 Silicate correspondingly actively takes effect during the remodeling of the woven bone to become lamellar bone. During this process, SiCaP is reabsorbed.…”

Combined Treatment Effects Using Bioactive‐Coated Implants and Ceramic Granulate in a Rabbit Femoral Condyle Model

“…Most interestingly, silicon‐substituted HA (HASi) has shown both an increased in vivo dissolution rate and bone apposition to the implant surface compared with pure HA . Several comparative studies have demonstrated the efficacy of silica in stimulating bone cell function and its presence facilitates bone formation and ingrowth, and ultimately bone bonding in vivo …”

“…21,24 Several comparative studies have demonstrated the efficacy of silica in stimulating bone cell function and its presence facilitates bone formation and ingrowth, and ultimately bone bonding in vivo. 25,26 A porous (50-500 μm) bioactive triphasic hydroxyapatite (HASi) was developed by incorporating HA and silica. The major phase of HASi is HA, whereas the outer layer shows peaks of HA (Ca 5 [PO 4 ] 3 [OH]), tricalcium phosphate (Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ), and calcium silicate (Ca 2 SiO 4 ).…”