Treatment of cutaneous candidiasis through fluconazole encapsulated cubosomes

Abstract

Cubosomes encapsulating fluconazole were prepared by emulsification method and characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency, SEM, in vitro release, skin irritation studies, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The cubosomes prepared were 257.2 ± 2.94 nm in size and with drug entrapment efficiency of 66.2 ± 2.69 %. The prepared formulation was characterized for surface morphology by SEM analysis which revealed their smooth surface. The cumulative percentage of fluconazole from cubosomes permeated via dialysis membrane (molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) 12-14 kD) showed 76.86 % cumulative drug release, while fluconazole solution showed release up to 91.04 % in 24 h in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 6.5), and sustained release is obtained after 24 h in case of cubosomes. The animal studies also revealed that the cubosomes are non-irritant and have sustained antifungal activity.

Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro activity against <em>Candida</em> spp. of fluconazole encapsulated on cationic and conventional nanoparticles of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)

“…This can be due to the nanometric size of particles obtained by DES-D methodology and an increase in its surface area, giving them greater interaction with fungus and a consequent high anti-fungal activity 64. These findings are similar to those obtained by other researchers with FLZ using different transport mechanisms such as cubosomes, liposomes, and solid lipid NPs on Candida spp 20,39,65,66. Analyses of MFC of free FLZ and FLZ-NPs were not effective against Candida spp.…”

“…This technology can offer several advantages such as protection of the active agent, controlled and sustained release, increasing the therapeutic effect, and diminishing the side effects 17. In this sense, several antifungal agents have been encapsulated in nanoparticles (NPs) with good results in animal models and clinical therapy 18–20. Among these NPs, polymeric ones have received special attention due to the versatility of techniques that can be used for the modification of their polymeric structures 21.…”

Cubosomes as an emerging platform for drug delivery: a review of the state of the art

“…136 It has been found that cubosomal dispersions demonstrate poor stability and EE values due to coalescence and vesicle aggregation when stored for longer than 6 months at 25 1C. 142 In addition to surfactants that provide steric stability for the cubosome structures, the chemical stability of the cargo within them is also essential. El-Laithy et al improved the intestinal solubility of clopidogrel bisulfate (CB) via preparing procubosome tablets, which readily disintegrated and re-dispersed when diluted in the gastrointestinal tract and formed CB nanoparticles in situ while also improving the stability of cubosomes at room temperature.…”

Challenges to get axenic cultures of Trichomonas spp. — A new approach in eradication of contaminants and maintenance of laboratory microbiological cultures

“…Trichomonas laboratory cultures could have occurred during isolation or handling procedure as both organisms are found in the human urinary tract (Kaur et al, 2014, Shannon et al, 2006 and frequently on the skin (Antiga et al, 2015, Prajapati et al, 2014.…”