Treatment of Car Washing Unit Wastewater—A Review

Kumar, Naveen; Chauhan, M. S.

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5795-3_21

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Currently, various car wash wastewater treatment techniques are available, as reported in reviewed literatures [61][62][63][64][65][66]. The scope of this study includes discussion of such techniques as electrocoagulation (EC) [67][68][69], flocculation flotation (FF) [10,17], filtration (F) [18], coagulation-flocculation (CF) [22,35], biological treatment (Bio) [2,12], adsorption (AD) [70], electro-oxidation (EO) [15,71], and other less-known technologies such as photo-Fenton application [24,72].…”

Section: Car Wash Wastewater Treatment Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of On-Site Carwash Wastewater Treatment

Kuan

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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In recent years, people’s environmental awareness has increased. The high density of the urban population has caused a considerable increase in the demand for car washing services, which has created large quantities of car wash wastewater. The main pollutants in car wash wastewater are detergents, dirt, oil, and grease. Untreated wastewater released into rainwater sewer systems or other water bodies may pollute the water and generate excessive bubble foams, which negatively affects urban appearance. Car washes are divided into mechanical car washes and manual or self-service car washes. In general, car washes have a small operation and scale, occupy limited land, and cannot afford wastewater treatment costs. Therefore, most car washes are not equipped with wastewater treatment facilities. Consequently, the discharge of wastewater from car washes negatively affects the water quality in the surrounding environment and results in wasteful use of water resources. This study reviewed 68 research papers on the quality, treatment techniques, treatment costs, and treatment effectiveness of car wash wastewater to provide a reference for car wash operators to contribute to the preservation of water resources. We found that there is a higher chance of recycling car wash wastewater when combing two different techniques for car wash wastewater treatment.

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Section: Car Wash Wastewater Treatment Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of On-Site Carwash Wastewater Treatment

Kuan

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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“…Accordingly, the challenges related to the development of new alternative processes to activated sludge systems that are efficient and, at the same time, economically viable for the treatment of wastewater from vehicle wash processes are great. According to a previous report, 52 from the point of view of environmental protection and the effective quality of water resources, the reuse of water from car wash stations are relevant scientific and technological themes, with a view to new technologically advanced, economically feasible, and effective treatment processes for the conservation of the quality of these resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocoagulation Process as a Consolidated Technology in the Treatment of Industrial Effluents and as a Promising Process in the Treatment of Effluents Generated by Car Washes: A Brief Review

Guerreiro Crizel,

Barreto,

Fiori

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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Electrocoagulation (EC) is an efficient treatment method that involves the electrodissolution of anodes, the formation of coagulants in situ, and the production of hydrogen at the cathode, facilitating the removal of pollutants by flotation. Industry in general aims to reduce the contaminant load, expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD), and EC effluent treatment is particularly effective in this process. The development of EC processes has been an efficient alternative for the treatment of effluents with high pollutant loads, such as tannery, pulp and paper, textile, beverage, and food industries, and many demonstrate the potential for application in car wash effluent. This study presents a review of the use of EC for the treatment of various effluents containing COD, OGs, surfactants, color, and turbidity, but with a greater focus on the vehicle washing sector. It also discusses the factors that influence the efficiency of EC and the main discussions of the authors. Presently, the investigations of studies already carried out show that the performance of the EC process is dependent on many relationships and factors, such as the type of material constituting the electrode, the electric potential difference, the electric current density, the distance between electrodes, the surface area of the electrodes, the pH, the initial concentration of contaminants, the conductivity and the treatment time. The review demonstrated that the EC process has been employed in the treatment of many types of effluents and with relatively high efficiency rates, in general, between 60.0% and up to 90.0%, aiming at the reduction of the COD indexes, the reduction from 60.0% up to 99.0% of color content, the 87.0% reduction of chromium. In turn, for turbidity, it varied on average from 44.0 to 99.0%. For other parameters such as MBAS and OGs, in most studies, the reduction exceeded 90.0%.

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Simultaneous removal of phenol and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate from automotive service station wastewater: Optimization of coupled electrochemical and physical processes

Emamjomeh

Mousazadeh

Mokhtari

et al. 2019

Separation Science and Technology

104

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This work investigates the feasibility of the coupled electrochemical (electrocoagulation/flotation) and physical processes such as sedimentation, sand filtration, and activated carbon for treatment of automotive service wastewater (ASWW). The impacts of critical parameters viz. pH solution (5-9), reaction time (30-90) and current intensity (1-2) on linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) and phenol removal efficiencies as well as energy consumption and operating cost are studied. Central composite design (CCD) as a response surface methodology (RSM) is employed. The results reveal by increasing current intensity at low levels of pH, the phenol removal efficiency was increased significantly up to 95%. On the other hand, at pH 9.5 with current intensity of 1.5A, the highest removal efficiency of LAS was achieved with 98.5%. Moreover, at the optimum conditions, LAS and phenol removal efficiencies, energy consumption and operating cost are obtained 96.7%, 87.65%, 15.99 Wh, 0.001 US$, respectively. This process reveals a feasible technology for phenol and LAS removal from ASWW.

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Treatment of Car Washing Unit Wastewater—A Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

A Review of On-Site Carwash Wastewater Treatment

A Review of On-Site Carwash Wastewater Treatment

Electrocoagulation Process as a Consolidated Technology in the Treatment of Industrial Effluents and as a Promising Process in the Treatment of Effluents Generated by Car Washes: A Brief Review

Simultaneous removal of phenol and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate from automotive service station wastewater: Optimization of coupled electrochemical and physical processes

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