Treatment of canine Old World visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review

Noli, Chiara; Auxilia, S

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2005.00460.x

Cited by 149 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Interruption of parasite transmission during canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) was shown to reduce disease incidence in humans [18]. However, current treatment regimens for CVL are not fully effective for eradicating these parasites [28]. A commercial vaccine against CVL [5], is available in parts of South America but not in the Old World.…”

Section: Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis (Zvl) Is Caused By Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Splenic immune responses during canine visceral leishmaniasis

Strauss-Ayali

Baneth

Jaffe³

2007

Vet. Res.

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-Dogs are the main reservoir host for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum. In this study we investigated the immune response in spleens of L. infantum-infected dogs by measuring the mRNA expression levels for a wide panel of cytokines, transcription factors and chemokines. mRNA levels and parasite load were followed during 7 months of experimental infection and 14 months post-treatment, and were compared to naturally-infected (NI) dogs. Similarly, serum anti-Leishmania IgG and IgG subclass levels were measured during experimental infection. An increase in IFN-γ, T-bet, IP-10 and RANTES was found in the experimentally and NI dogs, implicating a substantial type-1 immune response during canine visceral leishmaniasis. IL-4, a type-2 associated cytokine, increased as early as one month after experimental infection, while IL-5 was high at later stages. Interestingly, the expression levels of the Treg-associated cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, did not change during the infection. Total anti-Leishmania IgG and IgG subclasses increased during the experimental infection. However, no association with specific cytokine patterns was observed. Parasite load in the spleens increased as early as one month postinfection and remained high until treatment. The load was higher in the polysymptomatic NI dogs than in the experimentally-infected dogs. This study indicates that both type-1 and type-2 immune responses occur in the spleen during canine L. infantum infection, and suggests that the early elevation of IL-4 might have a role in the persistence of parasites in the presence of high IFN-γ expression.canine visceral leishmaniasis / IFN-γ / IL-4 / T-bet / IP-10

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Section: Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis (Zvl) Is Caused By Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Splenic immune responses during canine visceral leishmaniasis

Strauss-Ayali

Baneth

Jaffe³

2007

Vet. Res.

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“…Infected dogs are often treated with the same drug used for humans. The treatment with antimonials is often long and costly and the toxicity of antimony causes serious side effects [42,43]. Currently, the association of meglumine antimoniate with allopurinol is used [43,44].…”

Section: Canine Leishmanioses In Algeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania antimony resistance/ susceptibility in Algerian foci

Eddaikra¹,

Aït-Oudhia²,

Oury³

et al. 2017

Open J Trop Med

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024-032. Medical Group AbstractAlgeria is one of the most endemic countries for cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniosis. Strikingly, with more than 21,000 annual cases of cutaneous leishmaniosis recorded in 2010, the disease has a major public health impact. For all forms of leishmaniosis, the fi rst line treatment relies on antimonial containing drug i.e., Glucantime®, developed during the 1950's. As early as 1986, antimonial treatment failure was reported during cutaneous leishmaniosis treatment. Linked to this therapeutic failure, Leishmania strains displaying a low susceptibility towards antimonials were isolated. Nevertheless, in Algeria, antimonial formulations still remain the fi rst line drug for all clinical forms of leishmaniosis. Therefore, an urgent need of knowledge on the baseline antimony susceptibility status of parasites strains in Algeria is required. These pieces of knowledge will shed light not only on the prevalence of antimony resistance in this area but also on underlying factors triggering this drug resistance in natural populations. Here, we performed a review of the literature on what is known about epidemiology, treatment failure, and antimony-resistance, in Algeria. We bring information on underlying mechanisms acting in antimony resistant parasites and discuss their potential to be used for diagnostic purpose. This analysis will help to set up protocols aiming at detecting antimony resistant strains in Algeria and to test the risk of transmission, two steps that are essential to defi ne public health policy in Algeria.

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“…Additionally, there was no restriction on date or language for the selected articles. The criteria were adapted based on other systematic reviews (Noli et al 2005, Negre et al 2009, Pereira et al 2011. The parameters used were: -Randomization: randomized trials received score 2, whereas non-randomized experiments or when this fact was not clearly described in the text received a score 1.…”

Section: Selection Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of biodiesel co-products (Glycerol) as alternative sources of energy in animal nutrition: a systematic review

et al. 2014

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RESUMENEl reciente aumento en el uso de biodiesel en Brasil y en el extranjero, junto con la disponibilidad de gran cantidad de su residuo, el glicerol, ha generado un gran interés en el uso de este co-producto de varias maneras, entre ellas su aplicación en la alimentación animal. El uso de glicerol en la formulación de dietas despierta interés inmediato para obtener un producto rico en energía y alta eficiencia de utilización por los animales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos del uso de la glicerina resultante de la producción de biodiesel como suplemento energético en la producción de alimentos para animales, buscando establecer protocolos adecuados para cada especie a partir de estudios anteriores. En los trabajos analizados, hubo estudios con cerdos, vacas, toros, ovejas, gallinas ponedoras y pollos de engorde. Del análisis realizado se puede inferir que el glicerol es un ingrediente alimenticio de remplazo adecuado en dietas en animales de producción.Palabras clave: alimentación, ingrediente alimentario, producción animal, desempeño. SUMMARYThe recent surge in the use of biodiesel in Brazil and abroad, coupled with the availability of large amounts of glycerol, are generating interest in the use of this co-product in several ways, such as its use in animal feed. The use of glycerol in the formulation of diets caused immediate interest to obtain a highly efficient energy rich product to use in animal production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of glycerol resulting from biodiesel production as an energy supplement in animal feed, as well as establishing appropriate protocols for each species based on previous studies. Most of them using pigs, cows, bulls, sheep, laying hens and broilers. It was possible to infer from these studies that glycerol was a food ingredient suitable for replacement in diets of different animal species.

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Treatment of canine Old World visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review

Cited by 149 publications

References 39 publications

Splenic immune responses during canine visceral leishmaniasis

Splenic immune responses during canine visceral leishmaniasis

Leishmania antimony resistance/ susceptibility in Algerian foci

Use of biodiesel co-products (Glycerol) as alternative sources of energy in animal nutrition: a systematic review

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