Leishmania antimony resistance/ susceptibility in Algerian foci

Eddaikra, Naouel; Aït-Oudhia, Khatima; Oury, Bruno; Farida, MM; Harrat, Zoubir

doi:10.17352/ojtm.000005

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 85 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…In Tunisia and Algeria, L. major represents the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) [32,33]. CL is a dynamic disease involving specific vectors, reservoirs, and host reservoirs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acid Profiles of Leishmania major Derived from Human and Rodent Hosts in Endemic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Areas of Tunisia and Algeria

et al. 2022

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Leishmaniasis is a protozoal vector-borne disease that affects both humans and animals. In the Mediterranean Basin, the primary reservoir hosts of Leishmania spp. are mainly rodents and canids. Lipidomic approaches have allowed scientists to establish Leishmania spp. lipid profiles for the identification of cell stage specific biomarkers, drug mechanisms of action, and host immune response. Using an in silico approach of global network interaction between genes involved in fatty acid (FA) synthesis followed by the GC-MS approach, we were able to characterize the fatty acid profiles of L. major derived from human and rodent hosts. Our results revealed that the lipid profile of L. major showed similarities and differences with those already reported for other Leishmania species. Phospholipids are the predominant lipid class. FA composition of rodent parasites was characterized by a lower abundance of the precursor C18:2(n-6). One of the rodent clones, which also expressed the lowest lipid abundance in PL and TAG, was the least sensitive clone to the miltefosine drug and has the lowest infection efficiency. Our findings suggest that the lipid composition variation may explain the response of the parasite toward treatment and their ability to infect their host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acid Profiles of Leishmania major Derived from Human and Rodent Hosts in Endemic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Areas of Tunisia and Algeria

et al. 2022

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Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae): Fauna and Ecology in the Northeast of Algeria

Amira

Bounamous

Kouba

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) transmit several Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) species, which cause leishmaniasis, a significant public health concern in Algeria. We compared sand fly species abundance and composition among different biotopes (urban, peri-urban, rural areas), bioclimatic zones (humid, sub-humid, semi-arid), and elevation ranges. We also used the additive partitioning of beta diversity to test whether the variation in sand fly composition among biotopes, bioclimatic zones, and elevation ranges is due to species turnover or community subsetting. In total, 7,478 specimens were captured; of which, 7,162 (51.5% males vs. 48.5% females) belong to eight species: Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead, 1911 (77.4% of the total captured specimens), Phlebotomus perfiliewi Parrot, 1930 (14.6%), Phlebotomus longicuspis Nitzulescu, 1911 (5.9%), Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli, 1786 (<1%), Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot, 1917 (<1%) and Phlebotomus chadlii Rioux, Juminer et Gibily 1966 (<1%), Sergentomyia minuta Adler et Theodor, 1927 (1%), and Sergentomyia fallax Parrot, 1921 (<1%). Sand fly total abundance showed negative correlations with altitude and was significantly higher in rural areas. Sandfly community composition was significantly different between rural and urban/peri-urban areas. The additive partitioning of beta diversity showed that 71.4% of the compositional dissimilarity among elevation ranges and bioclimates was due to sand fly species turnover, and 28.6% resulted from nestedness. However, the variation in sand fly composition among different biotopes was mainly due to community nestedness. Findings from this study help define the risk of Leishmania transmission and develop methods for vector control in Mila province and Algeria as a whole.

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Tackling Drug Resistance and Other Causes of Treatment Failure in Leishmaniasis

et al. 2022

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Leishmaniasis is a tropical infectious disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania parasite. The disease is transmitted by female sand flies and, depending on the infecting parasite species, causes either cutaneous (stigmatizing skin lesions), mucocutaneous (destruction of mucous membranes of nose, mouth and throat) or visceral disease (a potentially fatal infection of liver, spleen and bone marrow). Although more than 1 million new cases occur annually, chemotherapeutic options are limited and their efficacy is jeopardized by increasing treatment failure rates and growing drug resistance. To delay the emergence of resistance to existing and new drugs, elucidating the currently unknown causes of variable drug efficacy (related to parasite susceptibility, host immunity and drug pharmacokinetics) and improved use of genotypic and phenotypic tools to define, measure and monitor resistance in the field are critical. This review highlights recent progress in our understanding of drug action and resistance in Leishmania, ongoing challenges (including setbacks related to the COVID-19 pandemic) and provides an overview of possible strategies to tackle this public health challenge.

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Leishmania antimony resistance/ susceptibility in Algerian foci

Cited by 3 publications

References 85 publications

Fatty Acid Profiles of Leishmania major Derived from Human and Rodent Hosts in Endemic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Areas of Tunisia and Algeria

Fatty Acid Profiles of Leishmania major Derived from Human and Rodent Hosts in Endemic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Areas of Tunisia and Algeria

Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae): Fauna and Ecology in the Northeast of Algeria

Tackling Drug Resistance and Other Causes of Treatment Failure in Leishmaniasis

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