Treatment of a hard borehole water containing low levels of pesticide by nanofiltration

A comprehensive review of nanofiltration membranes:Treatment, pretreatment, modelling, and atomic force microscopy

“…The removal of pesticides and some micropollutants from ground water has been studied by many researchers [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Van der Bruggen et al [17] showed that the NF70 membrane can reject pesticides such as atrazine, simazine, diuron and isoproturon over 90%.…”

Dimethoate and atrazine retention from aqueous solution by nanofiltration membranes

“…Nanofiltration has been successfully applied in drinking water treatment plant in Mery-sur-Oise, France [8], Leiduin [9] and Heemskerk [10] in Holland as well as Saffron Walden in England [11]. However, there is still a long list of pesticides in guidelines for drinking water by World Health Organization [3] but lack of data for their effective separation using membrane, including dimethoate.…”

Membrane Treatment of Potable Water for Pesticides Removal

“…For these reasons scientists and all those involved in potable water production have turned their attention to the application of NF and ultra low-pressure RO membranes (ULPRO). Related R&D has resulted in the development of an advanced type of NF/ULPRO membranes, the so called thin film composite membranes (TFC or TFM) which have been successfully applied for the removal of pesticides in past 10-20 years (Hofman et al, 1997;Wittmann et al, 1998;Bonné et al, 2000;Cyna et al, 2002). TFC are multi-layer membranes comprising a very thin and dense active layer (of crosslinked aromatic polyamide) which is formed in situ on a porous support layer, usually made of polysulfone (Fig.3).…”

“…Because of this advances in membrane technology, RO has been gradually finding applications in the treatment of a variety of domestic, industrial, and hospital wastewaters. In the past three decades, the need for a complete assessment of the RO, and of the later developed NF process, regarding removal of pesticide residues from various aquatic matrices, led to an extensive research effort in many laboratories (Berg et al, 1997;Devitt et al, 1998a;Van der Bruggen et al, 1998Kiso et al, 2000Kiso et al, , 2002Košutić et al, 2002Košutić et al, , 2005Zhang et al, 2004;Causserand et al, 2005;Bhattacharya et al, 2006;Plakas et al, 2006;Sarkar et al, 2007;Plakas & Karabelas, 2008Ahmad et al, 2008aAhmad et al, , 2008bComerton et al, 2008;Caus et al, 2009;Benítez et al, 2009;Pang et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2010), pilot (Baier et al, 1987;Duranceau et al, 1992;Agbekodo et al, 1996;Berg et al, 1997;Hofman et al, 1997;Wittmann et al, 1998;Bonné et al, 2000;Boussahel et al, 2000Boussahel et al, , 2002Chen et al, 2004) as well as to industrial scale experiments (Agbekodo et al, 1996;Wittmann et al, 1998;Ventresque et al, 2000;Cyna et al, 2002). A fairly large number of commercially available NF/RO membranes have been tested for the removal of an even larger number of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and miscellaneous pesticides from various water matrices.…”