Treatment enhances the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in the wastewater of Sri Lanka, and India

Kumar, Manish; Ram, Bhagwana; Sewwandi, Himaya; Sulfikar,; Honda, Ryo; Chaminda, Tushara

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109179

Cited by 72 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…While it is recognized that WWT reduces the amount and diversity of ARGs, and hence reduces the chances of AR dissemination 26,27 , some studies state that WWTPs are non-negligible sources of ARB 28,29 , contributing to the spread of ARGs 26,30,31 . Further, it has been recently suggested that treatment may even enhance, at least on occasions, the prevalence of ARBs and ARGs in wastewater 32 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Metagenomic analysis of an urban resistome before and after wastewater treatment

Lira¹,

Vaz‐Moreira

Tamames³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Determining the effect of wastewater treatment in water resistome is a topic of interest for water quality, mainly under re-use and one-Health perspectives. the resistome, the plasmidome, and the bacterial community composition of samples from influents and treated effluents from a wastewater treatment plant located in northern portugal were studied using metagenomic techniques. Wastewater treatment contributed to reduce the abundance of resistance genes and of plasmid replicons, coinciding with a decline in the number of intrinsic resistance genes from Enterobacteriaceae, as well as with a reduction in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria after treatment. these taxons comprise bacterial pathogens, including those belonging to the eSKApe group, which encompasses bacteria with the highest risk of acquiring antibiotic resistance, being the most relevant hosts of resistance genes acquired through horizontal gene transfer. our results support that wastewater treatment efficiently removes the hosts of antibiotic resistance genes and, consequently, the harboured antibiotic resistance genes. principal component analysis indicates that the resistome and the bacterial composition clustered together in influent samples, while did not cluster in final effluent samples. our results suggest that wastewater treatment mitigates the environmental dissemination of urban resistome, through the removal of the hosts harbouring mobile resistance genes. Most studies on antibiotic resistance have concentrated their efforts on human pathogens and in human-linked environments (hospitals, human hosts,…). However, the full understanding of the origin, evolution, spread, and maintenance of antibiotic resistance (AR) requires an integrative approach in which all ecosystems that may contribute to such evolution are studied; a One Health approach 1,2. One Heath is a concept derived from the idea proposed by Rudolph Virchow in the 19th Century, stating that "between animal and human medicine there are no dividing lines-nor should there be". The idea behind is that, at least in the case of infectious diseases, different ecosystems, not just the human host, may contribute to the spread of the infective agents. This is particularly relevant in the case of AR, since it is generally accepted that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), currently present in human pathogens, are originated in environmental organisms and, therefore, natural ecosystems can be reservoirs and participate in the spread of AR 3-9. Consequently, it has been proposed that AR is the quintessential One Health issue 2 , and that studies, integrating all habitats potentially involved in the evolution and spread of AR are needed 1,10,11. Indeed, seminal work showed that animal farms could be a reservoir of AR 12. As a consequence, the use of antibiotics in farming, for non-therapeutic or prophylactic procedures (as animal fattening), has been banned in different countries 13,14. More recently, non-clinical environments (natural and man-made ecosystems) have been pro...

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confidence: 99%

Metagenomic analysis of an urban resistome before and after wastewater treatment

Lira¹,

Vaz‐Moreira

Tamames³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…It can take throat, nasal, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal swabs as samples to run a molecular test for the RdRp gene (Vashist, 2020). Further, wastewater based epidemiological (WBE) surveillance for the genetic material of SARS-CoV-19 has drawn loads of attention that can be helpful in early detection as well as resurgence of COVID-19 (Kumar et al, 2019a;Kumar et al, 2019b;Kumar et al, 2020a;Kumar et al, 2020b;Kumar et al, 2020c;Kitajima et al, 2020). WBE surveillance are expected to become handy for the potential eradication of the virus in a community.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Covid-19 Through Biological and Environmental Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from climatic conditions (temperature and humidity), the transmission may be further triggered by population and medical facility (Dalziel et al, 2018;Hemmes et al, 1960). Based on the assumption that the SARS-CoV-2 is similar to SARS-CoV, it has been hypothesized that the SARS-CoV-2 may not survive at high temperature and humidity (Chan et al, 2011;Kumar et al, 2020a;Kumar et al, 2020b;Kumar et al, 2020c;Tobías and Molina, 2020) due to breakdown of the lipid membrane at elevated temperature (Schoeman and Fielding,Fig. 6.…”

Section: Transmission Pathway and Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the data obtained, it was hypothesized that the lower number of cases in a tropical climate might be due to the warm, and humid climate. The underlying hypothesis of decrease in the spread of viruses during warmer seasons is higher vitamin D levels, resulting in better immune responses (Aranow, 2011;Kumar et al, 2020a;Kumar et al, 2020b;Kumar et al, 2020c). Interestingly, a common man notion is that in cold weather, people tend to stay inside, often in a closed room, at times close to each other, and that enhances the infection probability.…”

Section: Transmission Pathway and Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Part-I - Epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, transmission and treatment

Kumar

Taki

Gahlot

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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101

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• Phylogeny of the SARS-CoV-2 is remarkably similar to SARS of pangolin and/or bat origin. • Transmission depends on respiratory droplet size, environmental condition and immunity. • COVID-19 progression is highly debated for temperature, humidity, and lifestyle dependence. • Infection can be restricted through restricting binding of S protein and AE2. • Increasing neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may give early sign of COVID-19.

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“…and ensure that the residual pollutants in the effluent conform to the legal requirements (Everage et al 2014;Jaranowska et al 2013), so the reduction of ARGs was not considered during the treatment process (De Sotto et al 2016). WWTPs have been considered a reservoir of ARGs because a high abundance and diversity of ARGs were detected in WWTPs, such as quinolone resistance genes qnrS, qnrB, and acc(6')-Ib-cr, AmpC genes, integrons intI1 and intI2 (Su et al 2014;Kumar et al 2020), tet genes tetM tetC tetK and tetA/P (Laht et al 2014;Zhang, Zhang 2011), which might be released into the drinking water from the effluent and pose a potential risk to human health. Excessive residues of ARGs have caused serious threats to human and animal health due to the spread of antibiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the elimination effectiveness of tetracycline and AmpC β-lactamase resistance genes in a municipal wastewater treatment plant using four parallel processes

et al. 2020

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Municipal wastewater treatment plants (mWWTPs), considered reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), are selected to compare the contributions of technology and process to ARG removal. Fifteen ARGs (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE, tetG, tetL, tetM, tetO, tetQ, tetS, tetX, MOX, CIT, EBC, and FOX) and two integron genes (intI1, intI2) were tracked and detected in wastewater samples from a large-scale mWWTP with four parallel processes, including three biological technologies of AAO (anaerobic-anoxic-oxic), AB (adsorption-biodegradation), and UNITANK, two different disinfection technologies, and two primary sedimentation steps. The results showed that ARGs were widely detected, among which tetA and tetM had the highest detection rate at 100%. AAO was the most effective process in removing ARGs, followed by the AB and UNITANK processes, where the separation step was critical: 37.5% AmpC β-lactamase genes were reduced by the secondary clarifier. UV disinfection was more efficient than chlorination disinfection by 47.0% in ARG removal. Both disinfection and primary sedimentation processes could effectively remove integrons, and the swirling flow grit chamber was a more effective primary settling facility in total ARG removal than the aerated grit chamber. The tet genes and AmpC β-lactamase genes were significantly correlated with the water quality indexes of BOD 5 , COD Cr , SS, TP, TOC, pH and NH 4 +-N (p < 0.05). In addition, the correlation between efflux pump genes and AmpC β-lactamase genes was strongly significant (r 2 = 0.717, p < 0.01). This study provides a more powerful guide for selecting and designing treatment processes in mWWTPs with additional consideration of ARG removal.

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Treatment enhances the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in the wastewater of Sri Lanka, and India

Cited by 72 publications

References 55 publications

Metagenomic analysis of an urban resistome before and after wastewater treatment

Metagenomic analysis of an urban resistome before and after wastewater treatment

A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Part-I - Epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, transmission and treatment

Comparison of the elimination effectiveness of tetracycline and AmpC β-lactamase resistance genes in a municipal wastewater treatment plant using four parallel processes

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