Treatment and control of enterotoxigenic
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            infections in pigs.

Hodgson, Kate R.

doi:10.1079/pavsnnr20094044

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In previous work, we have shown that both enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (an important causative agent of post-weaning diarrhoea) exposure and an increase in dietary crude protein (CP) level have a significant impact on ileal microbiota composition in weaner pigs, in the absence of changes at faecal level [ 1 ]. The manipulation of dietary CP levels has been considered as a control measure for post-weaning diarrhoea, as its reduction has been shown to lower disease severity [ 8 , 9 ]. In our previous work [ 1 ], we considered the spatial variation in the gut microbiota in response to dietary CP manipulation and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli exposure but have yet to explore temporal changes in ileal microbiota composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and nutritional effects on the weaner pig ileal microbiota

et al. 2021

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Background The porcine gastrointestinal microbiota has been linked to both host health and performance. Most pig gut microbiota studies target faecal material, which is not representative of microbiota dynamics in other discrete gut sections. The weaning transition period in pigs is a key development stage, with gastrointestinal problems being prominent after often sudden introduction to a solid diet. A better understanding of both temporal and nutritional effects on the small intestinal microbiota is required. Here, the development of the porcine ileal microbiota under differing levels of dietary protein was observed over the immediate post-weaning period. Results Ileal digesta samples were obtained at post-mortem prior to weaning day (day − 1) for baseline measurements. The remaining pigs were introduced to either an 18% (low) or 23% (high) protein diet on weaning day (day 0) and further ileal digesta sampling was carried out at days 5, 9 and 13 post-weaning. We identified significant changes in microbiome structure (P = 0.01), a reduction in microbiome richness (P = 0.02) and changes in the abundance of specific bacterial taxa from baseline until 13 days post-weaning. The ileal microbiota became less stable after the introduction to a solid diet at weaning (P = 0.036), was highly variable between pigs and no relationship was observed between average daily weight gain and microbiota composition. The ileal microbiota was less stable in pigs fed the high protein diet (P = 0.05), with several pathogenic bacterial genera being significantly higher in abundance in this group. Samples from the low protein and high protein groups did not cluster separately by their CAZyme (carbohydrate-active enzyme) composition, but GH33 exosialidases were found to be significantly more abundant in the HP group (P = 0.006). Conclusions The weaner pig ileal microbiota changed rapidly and was initially destabilised by the sudden introduction to feed. Nutritional composition influenced ileal microbiota development, with the high protein diet being associated with an increased abundance of significant porcine pathogens and the upregulation of GH33 exosialidases—which can influence host-microbe interactions and pathogenicity. These findings contribute to our understanding of a lesser studied gut compartment that is not only a key site of digestion, but also a target for the development of nutritional interventions to improve gut health and host growth performance during the critical weaning transition period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and nutritional effects on the weaner pig ileal microbiota

et al. 2021

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“…To overcome the economic losses associated with such diseases while avoiding the overuse of antimicrobial agents, the development of alternative management strategies needs to be considered (16). Dietary manipulation as a control measure for PWC has been considered due to previous evidence that reducing crude protein (CP) levels can lower disease severity (17, 18). Specifically, while amino acid supply from dietary protein is essential for a range of bodily functions, including maintenance, growth (protein deposition), and immune responses, when provided in surplus to digestive capacity, bacterial fermentation of excess protein and the resultant production of irritant, carcinogenic, and potentially toxic by-products such as ammonia, indole, cresol, and skatole can occur (19, 20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Ileal, but Not Fecal, Microbiome in Response to Increased Dietary Protein Level and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Exposure in Pigs

Pollock

Hutchings

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The relationship between porcine gut microbiota composition and health is an important area of research, especially due to the need to find alternatives to antimicrobial use to manage disease in livestock production systems. Previous work has indicated that lower crude dietary protein levels can reduce the impacts of postweaning colibacillosis, which is a porcine diarrheal disease caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Here, to explore the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, protein nutrition, and ETEC exposure, the microbial compositions of both ileal digesta and feces were analyzed with or without ETEC exposure from pigs fed a low- or high-protein diet. Since ETEC colonization is mostly localized to the ileum, changes in the small intestinal microbiota were expected in response to ETEC exposure. This was supported by the study findings, which identified significant microbiota changes in ileal samples but not in fecal samples. Both increased dietary protein and ETEC exposure impacted on ileal microbiota alpha diversity (richness and diversity indices) and beta diversity (structure, stability, and relative taxon abundances) at certain sampling points, although the combination of a high-protein diet and ETEC exposure had the most profound impact on ileal microbiota composition. An understanding of how infection and nutrition lead to microbiota changes is likely to be required if dietary strategies are to be developed for the management of enteric diseases. IMPORTANCE Gut bacterial communities have been shown to play a key role in pig health and development and are strongly influenced by host diet, but studies highlighting the complex interactions between nutrition, gut infections and the microbiome tend to focus on bacterial populations in the feces and not other important gut locations. We found that alteration of dietary protein level and exposure to a pathogenic microorganism, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), changed bacterial populations in the distal small intestine (i.e., the ileum). We found that the most profound changes occurred in pigs fed a high-protein diet in combination with exposure to ETEC, showing a clear interaction between dietary composition and exposure to a key pathogen. These changes were not observed in the fecal samples, revealing the importance of studying biologically pertinent sites in the gut, and so the data will help to inform the development of alternative management strategies for enteric disorders.

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“…After weaning in pigs, there is an increased risk for the development of enteric disorders such as postweaning colibacillosis. The symptoms that present as part of postweaning colibacillosis range from fecal shedding of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC ) ( Fairbrother et al, 2005 ; Luppi et al, 2016 ) with no diarrhea to peracute fatal diarrhea ( Hodgson and Barton, 2009 ). The disease can be present at a subclinical level, whereby diarrhea is absent, but a variable reduction in performance may occur postweaning ( Hampson, 1994 ), which depending on its magnitude can clearly be of economic importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of temporal fecal microbiota dynamics in weaner pigs with and without exposure to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli1,2

Pollock

Gally

Glendinning

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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The primary aim of this work was to study potential effects of subclinical enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) exposure on porcine fecal microbiota composition, with a secondary aim of profiling temporal shifts in bacterial communities over the weaning transition period. 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to profile the fecal microbiota and quantify ETEC excretion in the feces, respectively. Temporal shifts in fecal microbiota structure and stability were observed across the immediate postweaning period (P < 0.05), including significant shifts in the relative levels of specific bacterial phylotypes (P < 0.05). ETEC exposure did not change the fecal microbiota structure (P > 0.05), but significant variations in fecal community structure and stability were linked to variations in ETEC excretion level at particular time points (P < 0.05). In this study, marked temporal changes in microbiota structure and stability were evident over the short weaning transition period, with a relationship between ETEC excretion level and fecal microbiota composition being observed. This study has provided a detailed analysis of fecal microbiota dynamics in the pig, which should help to inform the development of novel management strategies for enteric disorders based on an improved understanding of microbial populations during the challenging postweaning period.

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Treatment and control of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in pigs.

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Temporal and nutritional effects on the weaner pig ileal microbiota

Temporal and nutritional effects on the weaner pig ileal microbiota

Changes in the Ileal, but Not Fecal, Microbiome in Response to Increased Dietary Protein Level and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Exposure in Pigs

Analysis of temporal fecal microbiota dynamics in weaner pigs with and without exposure to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli1,2

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